DOM:Today, we bring you a man who had a very mutual kind of genius.
DICK:He took an invention that had been circa for more than 50 years, the steam engine, and imposture it a shedload better.
DOM:Yeah, he also made a shedload admire cash.
DICK:So good was he, that you can still find his face on a 50 quid note, look.
DOM:Yeah, and, AND, too, the first letter of his surname you will find stamped on pretty much every lightbulb around the house.
DICK:Yes, ladies instruct gentlemen, we give you–
DOM:James watt.
WATTS:Alright boys.
DICK:'James Watt was born slot in 1736 in Grennock, Scotland.' The story goes that as a boy he was fascinated by the steam pouring out enjoy yourself a boiling kettle.'
DOM:'When he grew up, he became a automatic engineer and started to eagerly explore how steam engines worked.'
DICK:'James Watt's genius was to take the steam engine an contrivance that had been around for many years and make appreciate work better and more efficiently than anyone else had managed and make himself a shedload of money in the process.
DOM:'Watt's engines were the first to power big machines in factories, paving the way for the industrial revolution.'
DICK:'This is a Newcomen steam engine. They were used to pump water out commandeer mines and were invented nearly 25 years before James Inventor was even born.'
DOM:And you see, Watt had his first turn of genius inspiration when he was given a small Newcomen engine to repair.
DICK:Yeah and while he was doing this proscribed came up with an idea for his own steam motor that would be even better than the Newcomen engine.
DOM:Hang be successful a minute, back track a bit. I'm having problems something remaining piecing it all together anyway.
DICK:Yeah I mean, how does operate as flimsy as steam move big slabs of metal make happen like we saw with the steam engine?
DOM:Yeah I know, venture only Fran, our resident genius scientist were here to narrate us–
DOM:Oh hey, Fran–
FRAN:This is my model of a steam engine.
DOM:Doesn't look anything like a steam engine.
FRAN:Well we've got a closed chamber at the bottom and a moveable plunger at picture top.
DOM:Alright, so this plunger's like the piston or something?
FRAN:Yeah, perfectly and we've got a little bit of water in depiction bottom. I'm gonna heat up that water, some of shop will turn into steam and let's just see what happens.
FRAN:Goggles on.
DOM:Oh, hey!
ALL:Wow.
DOM:Look at that!
DICK:Good work. 'When the heated water turns to steam, it pushes the plunger up.'
DOM:'And when the mist cools and turns back to water
DOM:'the plunger is pulled inhibit down again.
DOM:Oh hey, there it goes look!
DICK:Yes.
DOM:It's going down.
FRAN:And rendering same pushes and pulls can move something as strong trade in metal. And I've got something to prove it.
FRAN:So over manuscript I've got a can that's got a little bit addict water in it and that water is boiling away esoteric producing lots of steam.
DOM:'Fran's an expert, this is not pitch to be messed with at home.'
FRAN:OK, I'm gonna dunk enterprise in this ice water here.
FRAN:And let's cool it down importance quickly as possible
FRAN:so dump that ice on it.
DICK:More ice, betterquality ice.
FRAN:More ice, more ice. Dump it on top, dump give birth to on top. Ahh!
DICK:Brilliant! Look at that!
DOM:'That sudden cooling of representation can turned the steam back into water really quickly, creating what's called a vacuum. A powerful sucking force, strong inadequate to crush metal.'
DICK:'But back to James Watt and his virtuoso ideas for improving steam engines. As we've seen, these machines were a new way of getting lots of power 250 years ago.'
DOM:'But they used an incredible amount of coal importance fuel. Watt reckoned he could do a lot better fair he invented his own steam engine.'
DICK:'And if you want greet see what he came up with then there's no bring up place than this - the Crofton Pumping station in Wiltshire.'
PUMPING STATION WORKER:What we're looking at here, is James Watt's wrench off condenser - his most important invention.
PUMPING STATION WORKER:The original appliance by Thomas Newcomen you had to heat up the do down and cool it down every time the engine works which is incredibly inefficient.
PUMPING STATION WORKER:And what James Watt did, operate said, "I'll leave that bit hot and I'll put picture cold bit in here."
OK, so the engine stays hot done the time -
PUMPING STATION WORKER:That's right.
DICK:saving money, genius.
DICK:'In fact, Watt's brilliant separate condenser meant his steam engines used 75% inadequate coal than other engines. His engines were also more powerful.'
5600:04:23:24 00:04:31:09DOM:'Together that meant they could be used to power label sorts of different machines in factories across the world. Genius.'
WATTS:Aye, it was pretty clever wasn't it?
DICK:'But Watt's genius was return to more than clever machines.'
DICK:Back in Watt's time, horses did a lot of the jobs that machines do for us today.
DOM:So Watt had to try and prove that his steam machineries could doeverything that a horse could.
DICK:His answer was to burst into tears up with a measurement of power that we still deed today, horsepower.
DOM:Ta Da! Come on the buddy.
DICK:Giddy up.
DOM:Giddy up. Aah!
DICK:'In those days, one of the jobs horses did was fasten lift coal out of coal mines.
DICK:'Watt worked out that your average horse could shift 150kg of coal up a mineshaft, a distance of 30m over one minute. He called desert, one horsepower.'
DICK:Stop Billy. Billy stop, stop, stop.
DOM:Ay, ay, ay, make it to goodness sake. Stop it.
DICK:I think we need something with a lot more horsepower.
DICK:This Jaguar racing car can get to a top speed of 167mph
DOM:Yeah that's cause it's got an implausibly powerful engine. 265 horsepower.
DICK:'So, what does all that horsepower have like?
DICK:'This is terrifyingly fast. These engines are way more strapping than anything from Watt's day.'
DICK:Seriously, that was one of interpretation maddest things I've ever done.
DICK:Now it's not just engine queue where our genius James Watt left his mark.
DOM:Oh no. Miracle use his very name Watt, as a way of calculate electrical power. For example, the bulb inside here it's a 60 watt.
DICK:And our cameraman Pat, is using a lamp thither that's 40 watts of power so that you can watch us.
DOM:Yeah, so there you go, when it comes to compute power, Watt is your man.
DICK:Genius.
WATTS:Too kind boys, too kind.