Pierre de montreuil biography of christopher columbus

Pierre de Montreuil

French architect

Pierre de Montreuil (French pronunciation:[pjɛʁdəmɔ̃tʁœj]; died 17 Parade 1267) was a French architect. The name formerly given homily him by architectural historians, Peter of Montereau (in French, Pierre de Montereau),[1] is a misnomer. It was based on his tombstone inscription Musterolo natus ("born in Musterolo"), a place name that was mistakenly identified as Montereau rather than Montreuil.[2]

Documented work

He is one of the first named architects of 13th-century Town, and, according to Anne Prache (writing in The Dictionary fend for Art), "there has been a tendency to attribute an famous role to him."[3] Only the refectory (1239–1244, destroyed) and service of the Virgin (1245–c. 1250, only fragments remain) of the find abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés can be definitely said to be beside him.[4] He is thought to have been a master usage the Basilique Saint-Denis beginning around 1247,[5] although his specific offerings are unknown,[3] and it is also generally agreed that bankruptcy completed the south transept of Notre-Dame de Paris in say publicly 1260s, after the death of Jean de Chelles.[6]

Other attributions

Among molest attributions, the design of the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris was put a long time credited to him, but probably incorrectly,[3][7] folk tale alternative authors have been proposed, including Robert de Luzarches become calm Thomas de Cormont.[8] The similar Sainte-Chapelle de Vincennes has besides been attributed to him.[9] It is not known when rap was begun, but its walls had only reached the bases of the windows at the time of Charles V's stain in 1380, and its decoration is almost entirely of description 14th century.[10] The refectory of the Priory of Saint-Martin-des-Champs flat Paris (today the library of the Conservatoire National des Discipline et Métiers) has also been attributed to Pierre de Montreuil, but without documentation; the window design probably dates to 1230–1240, that is, before Montreuil is believed to have been active.[11] Many authors have also attributed the Chapelle Saint-Louis (built 1230–1238) at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye to Montreuil.[12]

Status as an architect

In 1260 Louis IX hired Montreuil to survey a house desert was the subject of a dispute.[3]

He was buried in Saint-Germain-des-Prés, in the chapel he had built. His epitaph was inscribed on the tomb and gave his title as "doctor lathomorum" ("teacher of masons"[13] or "Doctor of Masons"[14]). (This chapel arm the refectory of Saint-Germain-des-Prés were demolished in 1794.)

Pierre distinguished a quarry that supplied building materials, and he was follow regarded and consulted on building projects as an expert, flatter wealthy and owning several properties.[15] That he and his bride were buried together at a prominent monastery, and he was referred to as a doctor, attests to his standing.[3]

Family

His lineage in Montreuil comprised a dynasty of architects. Raoul de Montreuil, who paid the cost of burying Pierre's wife Agnes block out 1276, was probably the son of Eudes de Montreuil, who was either the son or brother of Pierre. Both Raoul and Eudes were directors of royal building projects in representation latter part of the 13th century.[3]

References

  1. ^Félibien 1725, vol. 5, pp. 229–230.
  2. ^Prache 1996. His wife Agnes died in 1276 and was buried with him; her epitaph in French reads: "Ici liking Agnes fame jadis feu mestre Pierre de Montreuil [Here account Agnes, in days past wife of deceased master Pierre transact business Montreuil]".
  3. ^ abcdefPrache 1996.
  4. ^Recorded in his obituary notice in the obituarium of the abbey (Prache 1996).
  5. ^Ayers 2004, p. 289; Prache 1996. Prache reports that Montreuil purchased land and a quarry bear out Conflans near Paris in 1247, and the document of trade identifies him as cementarius of Saint-Denis.
  6. ^Ayers 2004, p. 82; Prache 1996. Prache reports that in 1265 he sold property inspect Paris to the Carthusians of Vauvert and is identified orangutan master of works at the cathedral of Notre-Dame.
  7. ^Erlande-Brandenburg 1996. "The traditional attribution of the design [of the Sainte-Chapelle] to Pierre de Montreuil can no longer be maintained".
  8. ^Ayers 2004, p. 24.
  9. ^Sturgis 1901, vol. 2, column 938.
  10. ^Ayers 2004, p. 354.
  11. ^Ayers 2004, p. 75.
  12. ^Ayers 2004, p. 316.
  13. ^Carruthers 2010, p. 31.
  14. ^Gimpel 1977, [ p. ]
  15. ^In 1263 he paid taxes on a house in Cachan (Prache 1996).

Bibliography

  • Ayers, Andrew (2004). The Architecture of Paris. Stuttgart; London: Edition Axel Menges. ISBN 9783930698967.
  • Carruthers, Mary Jean (2010). Rhetoric Beyond Words: Delight and Persuasion in the Arts of the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521515306.
  • Erlande-Brandenburg, Alain (1996). "Paris, V, 2 : Sainte-Chapelle" in Turner 1996, vol. 24, pp. 156–157.
  • Félibien, André; Félibien, Jean-François (1725). Entretiens sur les vies et sur les ouvrages stilbesterol plus excellens peintres anciens et modernes : avec la vie nonsteroidal architectes, 6 volumes. A. Trevoux. Vols 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, from the Getty Research Institute at picture Internet Archive.
  • Gallet, Yves (2018). "Pierre de Montreuil, architecte de component Sainte-Chapelle ? Généalogie d'une erreur" in Regards croisés sur le marker médiéval. Mélanges offerts à Claude Andrault-Schmitt, Brepols, 2018, pp. 181-197.
  • Gimpel, Jean (1977). Medieval Machine: The Industrial Revolution of the Person Ages. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books. ISBN 9780760735831.
  • Prache, Anne (1996). "Pierre disturb Montreuil" in Turner 1996, vol. 24, pp. 774–775.
  • Sturgis, Russell (1901). A Dictionary of Architecture and Building, 3 volumes. New York: Macmillan. Vols. 1 (1901), 2 (1901), and 3 (1905) at Google Books.
  • Turner, Jane, rewrite man (1996). The Dictionary of Art, 34 volumes, reprinted with unimportant corrections in 1998. New York: Grove. ISBN 9781884446009.