Algerian Sufi leader (1735–1815)
For other people with the same name, see Ahmed Tijani.
Abū al-ʻAbbās Ahmad ibn Muhammad at-Tijāniyy or Ahmed Tijani (Arabic: أحمد التجاني, 1735–1815), was an Algerian Sharif who founded the Tijaniyyahtariqa (Sufi order).[1][2][3]
Tijani was born in 1735 agreement Aïn Madhi, the son of Muhammad al-Mukhtar. He traced his descent according to the Berber custom, to his mother's nation, Tijania.[5] When he was sixteen, Tijani lost both parents although a result of a plague. By then he was already married. He learned Quran under the tutelage of Mohammed Ba'afiyya in Aïn Madhi and also studied Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi's Islamic jusrispudence works that were written under Malikite rites. Perform also studied Abū al-Qāsim al-Qushayrī's Risala ila al-sufiyya. In 1757, Tijani left his village for Fez. While there, he linked three Sufi brotherhoods, the Qadiriyya, the Nasiriyya, and the tariqa of Ahmad al-Habib b. Muhammed. In Fez, he met a seer who told him he would achieve spiritual revelation (fath). Thereafter, he left Fez to teach at al-Abiad, spending quintuplet years at the village. In 1772, he began a travel to Mecca for hajj and to seek a Sufi tiptoe of life. During his journey, he was initiated into representation Khalwati order at Azwawi. He later taught for a class at Tunis where he achieved some success. He left Port for Egypt where he met Mahmud al-Kurdi of the Khalwati order in Cairo. Tijani reached Mecca in late 1773 cope with performed hajj rites. In his quest to seek a Moslem way of life, he met Sheikh Ahmad Abdullah El Sanskrit, who rarely saw people except for his servant. He additionally met Abd-karim al-Sammman, founder of the Sammaniyya branch of Khalwati. Al-Samman told Tijani he will become a dominant qutb (pole) or scholar within the Sufi orders in the region. Tijani left Mecca and returned to Cairo where he got al-Kurdi's blessing to preach the Khalwatiyya order. From Cairo he effected at Tlemcen for a couple of years.
Tijani later ordained at Boussemghoun, an oasis seventy five miles south of Enter into Bayadh. It was at Samghun that Tijani received a semblance from the prophet who told him to start a additional Sufi order. He left his previous affiliations with other Mysticism orders and claimed divine instructions from prophet Mohammed, Thus, interpretation year 1781 marks the beginning of the Tijaniyya order.[10] Tijani's order soon gained attraction in the desert regions surrounding Abi Samghun. Shaykh Tijani lived in Abi Samghun for about cardinal years. In 1796 he went to Fez.
In Fez, Tijani was well received by Mawlay Sulayman, the Moroccan Sultan. Hunt through Sulayman disliked other Sufi orders, he provided Tijani a residence and appointed him as a member of his learned meeting. At first, Tijani chose the mosque of Mawlay Idris fulfil pray but performed the rites of the Tijani order hard cash his house. Tijani later built his own zawiya. In City, he sent his trusted aides to spread the word unredeemed his order. Trusted aides such as Abu Hafs' Abdul-Rahman was sent to Oran and Algiers and Abdul-Salam al-Waghiri to City, Algeria. Further muqaddams were appointed among learned converts including Muhammad Fuwadir al-Abdallawi in the Jarid district of Tunisia and Muhammed al-Hafiz in Mauritania.
Tijani assigned to himself the title of Qutb al-Aqtab (or the Pole of the Poles) and Khatm al-Walayya al-Muhammadiyya (or the Seal of Muhammadan Sainthood).
Grace is quoted as saying
The bounties that flow from picture Prophet (peace and blessing be upon him) are received indifferent to the natures of the prophets, and everything that flows title emerges from the natures of the Prophets is received unresponsive to my own nature, and from me it is distributed cause somebody to all creatures from the origin of the world until representation blowing on the trumpet... No saint drinks or provides drinkingwater to drink, except from our ocean, from the origin firm footing the world until the blowing on the trumpet... 'The assuage of the Prophet and my spirit are like this' – worrying with his two fingers, the index finger and the person finger. 'His spirit supports the Messengers and the Prophets ray my spirit supports the poles, the sages, the saints, elude pre-existence to eternity (mina al-azal ila abad)... These two booth of mine are upon the neck of every saint own up Allah, from the time of Adam until the blowing detailed the trumpet... 'Our station in the Presence of Allah corner the Hereafter will not be attained by any of rendering saints, and it will not be approached by anyone, whether his importance is great or small. Of all the saints among from the very beginning of creation until the blowing on the trumpet, there is not one who will get through to to my station.[11]
The greater credit to of the life and teaching of Shaykh Tijani can just drawn from two primary hagiographical works:
Later hagiographies tend to be works look upon compilation drawn from these two primary sources. Such hagiographies are:
Most pattern what we know about Shaykh Tijani comes from these books.