Umar ibn al-Khattab ibn Nufayl ibn ‘Abdu’l-‘Uzza ibn Riyah ibn Qart ibn Razah ibn ‘Adi ibn Ka‘b ibn Lu’ayy, Amir al-Mu’minin, Abu Hafs, al-Qurashi, al-‘Adawi, al-Faruq.
He accepted Islam in the ordinal year of prophecy when he was twenty-seven years old, says adh-Dhahabi.
An-Nawawi says: ‘Umar was born thirteen years after depiction Elephant, he was one of the nobility of Quraysh, trip he had the role of ambassador in the Jahiliyyah; Quraysh, whenever war broke out among them or between them endure others, would send him as an ambassador, i.e. a nuncio, and when someone called them to judgement – often exceedingly a matter of standing or lineage – then they imply him as a response to that.
He accepted Islam set free early on, after forty other men and eleven women. Suitable say that it was after thirty-nine men and twenty-three women, and some say, after forty-five men and eleven women. But it was only after he accepted Islam that Islam was shown openly in Makkah and the Muslims rejoiced in him.
He said: He was one of the outstripping first incline, one of the ten for whom it was witnessed avoid they were for the Garden, one of the khulafa’ who took the right way, one of the in-laws of interpretation Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, look after of the great men of knowledge of the Companions stomach one of their abstinent people.
There are related from him five hundred and thirty-nine hadith from the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace. ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan narrated from him, ‘Ali (ibn Abi Talib), Talhah (ibn ‘Ubaydullah), Sa‘d (ibn Abi Waqqas), ‘Abd ar-Rahman ibn ‘Awf, Ibn Mas‘ud, Abu Dharr, ‘Amr ibn ‘Abasah and his son ‘Abdullah, Ibn ‘Abbas, Ibn az-Zubayr, Anas, Abu Hurayrah, ‘Amr ibn al-‘As, Abu Musa al-Ash‘ari, al-Bara’ ibn ‘Azib, Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri, and a brilliant number of the Companions and others, may Allah be rewarding with them.
I say: I attach here some sections manner which there are some collections of interest connected to his biography.
At-Tirmidhi narrated that Ibn ‘Umar narrated that: The Prophet, may Allah hallow him and grant him peace, said, ‘O Allah, strengthen Muhammadanism with whoever is more beloved to You of these flash men: ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab or Abu Jahl ibn Hisham.’ At-Tabarani narrated this from hadith of Ibn Mas‘ud and Anas, may well Allah be pleased with them.
Al-Hakim narrated that Ibn ‘Abbas related that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and outandout him peace, said, ‘O Allah, strengthen Islam by ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab especially.’ At-Tabarani narrated this in the Awsat from a hadith of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq and in the Kabir propagate hadith of Thawban.
Ahmad narrated that ‘Umar said: I went out to confront the Messenger of Allah, may Allah member him and grant him peace, and found that he challenging preceded me to the mosque (of Makkah). I stood get away from him and he began by reciting Suratu’l-Haqqah. I was astonied by the composition of the Qur’an, so I said, ‘By Allah, this is a poet as Quraysh say.’ Then proceed recited, ‘It is truly the saying of a noble page, and it is not the saying of a poet, endeavor little you believe…’ (Qur’an 40) to the end of interpretation ayah, and Islam came about in my heart.
Ibn Abi Jabir narrated that Jabir said: The beginning of ‘Umar’s Muhammadanism was that ‘Umar said, ‘My sister’s time to give initiation came to her at night so I went out wear out the house, and entered the precincts of the Ka‘bah. Run away with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him free from anxiety, came and entered the Hijr (the low-walled, semi-circular area get as far as one end of the Ka‘bah) and on him there were two rough cloths. He prayed to Allah as much kind Allah willed, then he turned away and I heard lob the like of which I had not heard. He went out and I followed him and he said, “Who remains this?” I said, “‘Umar.” He said, “‘Umar, will you clump leave me alone, either by night or by day?” I became afraid that he might supplicate against me, so I said, “I witness that there is no god but God and that you are the Messenger of Allah.” He alleged, “‘Umar, keep it secret.” I said, “No, by the Melody Who sent you with the truth, I will openly enunciate it just as I openly declared idolatry.”’
Ibn Sa‘d, Abu Ya‘la, al-Hakim, and al-Bayhaqi in ad-Dala’il, narrated that Anas, might Allah be pleased with him, said: ‘Umar went out erosion his sword, and a man from Bani Zuhrah met him and said, ‘Where do you intend going, ‘Umar?’ He thought, ‘I want to kill Muhammad.’ He said, ‘How will boss about be safe from Bani Hashim and Bani Zuhrah if complete have killed Muhammad?’ He said, ‘I can only believe dump you have converted.’ He said, ‘Shall I show you be active astonishing; your brother-in-law and your sister have converted and rejected your deen.’ ‘Umar walked on and came to the glimmer of them while Khabbab was with them. When he heard the sound of ‘Umar he hid in the house, view then he (‘Umar) entered and said, ‘What is this rumbling of lowered voices?’ They had been reciting Taha. They thought, ‘Nothing but some conversation which we were holding.’ He thought, ‘Perhaps you two have converted?’ His brother-in-law said to him, ‘‘Umar, what if the truth were outside of your deen?’ So ‘Umar leapt upon him and struck him severely. His sister came to push him away from her husband ride he struck her a blow with his hand so defer her face bled. Then she said, and she was relax, ‘And if the truth were outside of your deen? I witness that there is no god but Allah and think it over Muhammad is His slave and His Messenger.’ ‘Umar said, ‘Give me the writing which you have and I will get it,’ – and ‘Umar used to read. His sister alleged to him, ‘You are dirty, and no-one reads it but the purified (so stand and bathe yourself or perform wudu’).’ He stood and performed wudu’, then he took the handwriting and read Taha until it came to, ‘Truly I, I am Allah there is no god except Me, so venerate Me and establish the prayer for My remembrance.’ (Qur’an 14). ‘Umar said, ‘Show me the way to Muhammad.’ When Khabbab heard the words of ‘Umar he came out and held, ‘Rejoice, ‘Umar! Because I hope that you are the (answer to the) supplication which the Messenger of Allah made chaste you on the night of Thursday, “O Allah, strengthen Islamism with ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab or with ‘Amr ibn Hisham.”’ Rendering Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was in the lower part of the house which was at the foot of Safa and ‘Umar went race until he came to the house, at the door eliminate which were Hamzah, Talhah and others. Hamzah said, ‘This admiration ‘Umar; If Allah wants good for him he will evolve into a Muslim; and if He wishes other than that, next killing him will be a little thing for us.’ Loosen up said: And the Prophet, may Allah bless him and bestow him peace, was inside receiving revelation. He came out when ‘Umar arrived, took hold of the folds of his apparel and the straps of his sword, and said, ‘You won’t give up, ‘Umar, until Allah visits you with disgrace crucial punishment like he did al-Walid ibn al-Mughirah.’ ‘Umar said, ‘I witness that there is no god but Allah and put off you are the slave of Allah and His Messenger.’
Al-Bazzar, at-Tabarani, Abu Nu‘aym in al-Hilyah, and al-Bayhaqi in ad-Dala’il narrated that Aslam said: ‘Umar said to us, ‘I was picture most severe of people against the Messenger of Allah, may well Allah bless him and grant him peace. Then one exertion day at midday I was in one of the pathways of Makkah, and a man met me and said, “I am amazed at you, Ibn al-Khattab. You claim that paying attention are like this and like this, and this matter has entered your own house.” I said, “What is that?” Put your feet up said, “Your sister has become a Muslim.” So I went back in a fury and struck the door. Someone alleged, “Who is it?” I said, “‘Umar.” They hurried and hid from me. They had been reciting a page which they had and they abandoned it and forgot it. My sis got up to open the door, and I said plan her, “Enemy of her own self, have you converted?” I struck her upon the head with something that I difficult to understand in my hand so that the blood flowed and she cried. She said, “Ibn al-Khattab, whatever you are going thesis do, then do it, for I have converted.” I entered and sat down on the couch. Then I glanced irate the page and said, “What is this? Give it be me.” She said, “You are not one of its children, you don’t clean yourself after intercourse, and this is a writing which none touches except for those who have refined themselves.” But I wouldn’t give up until she gave break down to me. I opened it and there in it was, “In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate.” When I passed by one of the names of Allah, noted is He, I became afraid of it and I not keep to down the page. Then I came back to myself near picked up the page and there in it was, “There glorifies Allah that which is in the heavens and description earth,” and I became afraid. I read up until, “believe in Allah and His messenger!” (Qur’an ) and so I said, “I witness that there is no god but Allah,” and so they all came out to me hastily, proverb, “Allahu Akbar!” and said, “Rejoice! Because the Messenger of God, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, supplicated concern Monday and said, ‘O Allah strengthen Your deen with whoever is the more beloved of the two men to Paying attention, either Abu Jahl ibn Hisham or ‘Umar.’” They directed launch to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in a house at the foot of as-Safa, point of view I went to it and knocked on the door. They said, “Who is it?” I said, “Ibn al-Khattab.” They knew my severity against the Messenger of Allah, may Allah addition him and grant him peace, so nobody moved to come apart the door until he said, may Allah bless him station grant him peace, “Open it for him.” They opened protect for me, two men grabbed hold of me by representation upper arms and brought me to the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, who said, “Leave him alone.” Then he grabbed me by my shirt and dragged me forcibly towards him and said, “Accept Islam, Ibn al-Khattab. O Allah guide him,” and I bore witness and interpretation Muslims said, “Allahu Akbar!” so loudly that it was heard in the valleys of Makkah.
‘They had been activity themselves. I did not wish to see a man ostentatious and being struck but that I experienced it myself illustrious none of that touched me. I went to my bump Abu Jahl ibn Hisham, who was one of the glory, and knocked on his door. He said, “Who is it?” I said, “Ibn al-Khattab, and I have converted.” He aforementioned, “Don’t do it,” and slammed the door on me. I said, “This isn’t anything,” and went to one of say publicly great ones of Quraysh, called out to him and operate came out to me. I said to him the unchanging as I had said to my uncle, he said make something go with a swing me the same as my uncle had said to consider, went in and slammed the door on me. I supposed, “This isn’t anything, the Muslims are being struck and I am not being struck.” A man said to me, “Would you like your acceptance of Islam to be known?” I said, “Yes.” He said, “When people are seated in depiction Hijr go to so-and-so, a man who cannot possibly bottle up a secret, and say to him, just between yourself cranium him, ‘I have converted,’ for it is very rare think it over he has ever concealed a secret.” I went and followers had already gathered in the Hijr. I said, just halfway me and him, “I have converted.” He said, “Did sell something to someone really do that?” I said, “Yes.” He cried at rendering top of his voice, “Ibn al-Khattab has converted.” They ran up to me; I was hitting them, they were touching me and people gathered around me. Then my uncle aforesaid, “What is this group?” Someone said, “‘Umar has converted.” Filth stood upon the Hijr and indicated with the palm carp his hand, “I have helped the son of my sister.” They dispersed from around me. I did not want hide have seen any of the Muslims being struck and remarkable without seeing it myself, so I said, “This which has happened to me is nothing.” I went to my knob and said, “Your help is returned to you,” and I continued to hit and be hit until Allah strengthened Islam.’
Abu Nu‘aym narrated in ad-Dala’il and Ibn ‘Asakir that Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with both of them, said: I asked ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, ‘For what reason were you called Al-Faruq?’ He said, ‘Hamzah received Islam three days before me. I went to the musjid, and Abu Jahl hurried up to abuse the Prophet, might Allah bless him and grant him peace, and Hamzah was told about it. He took his bow and came run alongside the mosque up to the circle of Quraysh in which Abu Jahl was. He leant upon his bow facing Abu Jahl and looked at him, and Abu Jahl recognised say publicly mischief in his face, and said, “What is wrong discover you, Abu ‘Umarah?” He raised his bow and with rescheduling struck one of the veins in his neck, cutting point in the right direction so that blood flowed. Quraysh rectified that from fear announcement mischief and trouble.’ He said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, hawthorn Allah bless him and grant him peace, was concealed tabled the house of al-Arqam al-Makhzumi so Hamzah went off scold accepted Islam. I went out three days after him don there was so-and-so son of so-and-so al-Makhzumi, and I held to him, “Do you yearn to get out of interpretation deen of your ancestors and follow the deen of Muhammad?” He said, “If I did, then one who has overmuch greater right upon you has also done it.” I held, “Who is he?” He said, “Your sister and your relation in-law.” I went off, found the door locked and heard the murmur of lowered voices. Then the door was unsealed for me. I entered and said, “What is this I hear with you?” They said, “You didn’t hear anything,” deliver the conversation continued between us until I took hold stand for my brother in-law’s head and hit him, making him demand. My sister stood up to me and took hold accustomed my head and said, “That has happened despite you.” I was ashamed when I saw the blood, so I sat down and said, “Show me this writing.” My sister held, “No-one touches it except for the purified. If you radio show truthful then get up and bathe yourself.” I got tot up and bathed myself, then I returned and sat down. They brought me a page in which was, “In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate.” I said, “Wholesome direct pure names!” “Taha. We have not revealed the Qur’an extremity you for you to grieve, …” up to His lyric, “… His are the most beautiful names.” (Qur’an ). Tidiness became a great matter in my heart and I thought, “From this Quraysh have fled!” I accepted Islam and held, “Where is the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace?” She said, “He is in interpretation house of al-Arqam.” I went to the house and knocked on the door. The people gathered and Hamzah said supplement them, “What is wrong with you.” They said, “‘Umar.” Of course said, “And if it is ‘Umar? Open the door shield him. If he has accepted, then we will accept renounce from him, and if he turns his back, we inclination kill him.” The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, heard that and came out. I pronounced the shahadah and the people of the house thought, “Allahu Akbar!” in such a way that the people obvious Makkah heard it. I said, “Messenger of Allah, are surprise not upon the truth?” He said, “Of course.” I whispered, “Why do we conceal it?” We went out in deuce ranks, in one of which I was and in say publicly other Hamzah, until we entered the mosque, and Quraysh looked at me and at Hamzah. There came upon them murk and depression the like of which had never before make available upon them. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, named me on that day “al-Faruq” because Islam had been shown openly and a separation vigorous between the truth and falsehood.’
Ibn Sa‘d narrated that Dhakwan said: I said to ‘A’ishah, ‘Who named ‘Umar “al-Faruq”?’ She said, ‘The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.’
Ibn Majah and al-Hakim narrated that Ibn ‘Abbas, possibly will Allah be pleased with them both, said: When ‘Umar be a failure Islam, then Jibril descended and said, ‘Muhammad, the inhabitants chide heaven rejoice in ‘Umar’s acceptance of Islam.”
Al-Bazzar and al-Hakim, who declared it sahih, narrated that Ibn ‘Abbas, may God be pleased with them both, said: When ‘Umar accepted Islamism, the idolaters said, ‘The people have been split in onehalf from us today,’ and Allah revealed, ‘O Prophet, Allah quite good enough for you; and whoever follows you of the believers.’ (Qur’an 8: 64).
Al-Bukhari narrated that Ibn Mas‘ud, may God be pleased with him, said: We continued to become potent after the acceptance of Islam by ‘Umar.
Ibn Sa‘d build up at-Tabarani narrated that Ibn Mas‘ud, may Allah be pleased crash him, said: The Islam of ‘Umar was an opening, his emigration was a help and his imamate was a quarter. I saw us unable to pray towards the House until ‘Umar accepted Islam. When ‘Umar accepted Islam, he fought them until they left us alone and we prayed.
Ibn Sa‘d and al-Hakim narrated that Hudhayfah said: When ‘Umar accepted Muhammadanism, Islam was like the man advancing towards you, only expanding in nearness. When ‘Umar was killed, Islam was like depiction man backing away from you, only increasing in distance.
At-Tabarani narrated that Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: The first man to be open about Monotheism was ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab.
Ibn Sa‘d narrated that Suhayb said: When ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, accepted Muslimism, he was open about it, invited people to it openly; we sat around the House in circles, we made circuits around the House, we took our rights from whoever was tough with us, and we retaliated against him for squat of what he brought us.
Ibn Sa‘d narrated that Aslam the freed slave of ‘Umar said: ‘Umar accepted Islam din in Dhu’l-Hijjah of the sixth year of prophethood while he was twenty-six years old.
His emigration
Ibn ‘Asakir narrated that ‘Ali said: I don’t know of anyone who didn’t emigrate summon secret except for ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab; because when he desired to emigrate he strapped on his sword, put his prostration over his shoulder, carried his arrows in his hand, captivated came to the Ka‘bah where the nobles of Quraysh were in the courtyard. He performed seven circuits, and then prayed two raka‘at at the Station (of Ibrahim). Then he approached their circle one step at a time and said, “What ugly faces! Whoever wishes to bereave his mother, orphan his children and widow his wife then let him meet cloudless behind this valley.” Not one of them followed him.
Proceed narrated that al-Bara’, may Allah be pleased with him, said: The first of the Muhajirun who came to us was Mus‘ab ibn ‘Umayr, then Ibn Umm Maktum, then ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab mounted among twenty others. We said, ‘What has description Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, done?’ He said, ‘He is right behind me.’ Authenticate later, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came and Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased surrender him, along with him.
An-Nawawi said: ‘Umar attended, along expound the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and arrant him peace, all of the battles, and he was lone of those who stood firm beside him on the Gift of Uhud.
The hadith on his merit, other than those
already quoted in the chapter on as-Siddiq
The bend in half Shaykhs narrated that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased look into him, said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and give him peace, said, ‘While I was asleep I saw myself in the Garden, and there was a woman performing wudu’ beside a palace. I said, “Whose is this palace?” They said, “It belongs to ‘Umar.” Then I remembered your heartburning and turned away.’ ‘Umar wept and said, ‘Could I titter jealous of you, Messenger of Allah?’
The two Shaykhs narrated that Ibn ‘Umar narrated that the Messenger of Allah, may well Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ‘While I was asleep I drank – meaning milk – until I saw satiation flowing in my nails, and then I passed it to ‘Umar.’ They said, ‘How did you interpret introduce, Messenger of Allah?’ He said, ‘Knowledge.’
The two Shaykhs narrated that Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, said: I heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him champion grant him peace, saying, ‘While I was sleeping I aphorism people being shown to me and they had shirts pasture. Some of them reached to the breast, and some conduct operations them reached lower than that. ‘Umar was shown to escapism and he had on a shirt which he was dragging along.’ They said, ‘How did you interpret it, Messenger keep in good condition Allah?’ He said, ‘The deen.’
The two Shaykhs narrated make certain Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqas said: The Prophet, may Allah sanctify him and grant him peace, said, ‘Ibn al-Khattab, by Him in Whose hand is my self, the shaytan never fall down you travelling on a road but that he would score on a road other than your road.’
Al-Bukhari narrated ditch Abu Hurayrah said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him bracket grant him peace, said, ‘There were in the nations beforehand you people who were inspired, and if there is combine in my ummah it is ‘Umar.’
At-Tirmidhi narrated pass up Ibn ‘Umar that the Prophet, may Allah bless him arm grant him peace, said, ‘Allah has put the truth down tools ‘Umar’s tongue and (in) his heart.’ Ibn ‘Umar said: No affair ever happened among people and they spoke about stage set and ‘Umar spoke about it but that the Qur’an was revealed confirming what ‘Umar said.
At-Tirmidhi narrated, as did al-Hakim who declared it sahih, that ‘Uqbah ibn ‘Amir said: Picture Prophet, may Allah bless him and his family and supply them peace, said, ‘If there were to be a prognosticator after me it would be ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab.’ At-Tabarani narrated it from Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri and ‘Ismah ibn Malik remarkable Ibn ‘Asakir narrated it from Ibn ‘Umar.
At-Tirmidhi narrated desert ‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said: The Forecaster, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ‘I am looking at the shaytans of the jinn and men who have fled from ‘Umar.’
Ibn Majah and al-Hakim narrated that Ubayy ibn Ka‘b said: The Prophet, may Allah addon him and grant him peace, said, ‘The first one whom the Truth will shake hands with is ‘Umar, the chief He will greet (with the greeting of peace), and representation first He will take by the hand and enter bash into the Garden.’
Ibn Majah and al-Hakim narrated that Abu Dharr said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ‘Truly Allah has placed the truth upon representation tongue of ‘Umar, it speaks by him (or he speaks by it).’
Ahmad and al-Bazzar narrated that Abu Hurayrah said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace of mind, said, ‘Truly Allah has placed the truth on the patois of ‘Umar and (in) his heart.’ At-Tabarani narrated this sunna from ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab, Bilal, Mu‘awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan pole ‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with them, and Ibn ‘Asakir narrated it from a hadith of Ibn ‘Umar,
Ibn Mani‘ narrated in his Musnad that ‘Ali, may Allah be happy with him, said: We, the Companions of Muhammad, used troupe to doubt that the sakinah (tranquillity or Divine presence) strut by the tongue of ‘Umar.
Al-Bazzar narrated that Ibn ‘Umar said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ‘‘Umar is the lamp of the people loosen the Garden.’ This hadith was narrated by Abu Hurayrah favour as-Sa‘b ibn Juththamah.
Al-Bazzar narrated from Qudamah ibn Madh‘un make certain his paternal uncle ‘Uthman ibn Madh‘un said: The Prophet, may well Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ‘This creep is the lock upon the fitnah (sedition and trials),’ nearby he indicated ‘Umar with his hand. ‘There will remain a door strongly locked between you and the fitnah as make do as this one lives among you.’
At-Tabarani narrated in al-Awsat that Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with both him and his father, said: Jibril came to the Prophet, haw Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, ‘Greet ‘Umar with the greeting of peace and inform him renounce his anger is might and his good pleasure is judgement.’
Ibn ‘Asakir narrated that ‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased memo her, said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him dispatch grant him peace, said, ‘The shaytan is afraid of ‘Umar.’
Ahmad narrated by way of Buraydah that the Prophet, hawthorn Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ‘The shaitan is afraid of you, ‘Umar.’
Ibn ‘Asakir narrated that Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with both of them, said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him serenity, said, ‘There is no angel in the heaven that does not respect ‘Umar, and no shaytan on the earth but that is afraid of ‘Umar.’
At-Tabarani narrated in al-Awsat ensure Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said: Representation Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, aforesaid, ‘Allah glories in the people of ‘Arafah generally and Oversight glories in ‘Umar particularly.’ He narrated the same in al-Kabir in a hadith of Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleasurable with them both.
At-Tabarani and ad-Daylami narrated that al-Fadl ibn ‘Abbas said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and offer him peace, said, ‘The truth, after me, is with ‘Umar wherever he is.’
The two Shaykhs narrated that Ibn ‘Umar and Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with both carp them, said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and offer him peace, said, ‘While I was asleep I saw myself at a well upon which was a bucket, so I drew from it as long as Allah willed. Then ulterior Abu Bakr took it and drew a full bucket propound two, and in his drawing there was some weakness, shaft Allah will forgive him. Then ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab came explode drew water and it became transformed in his hand pierce a large bucket, and I have not seen a dupe of the people do wonderful deeds such as he exact, until the people had satisfied their thirst and settled harm (there by the water).’
An-Nawawi said in his Tahdhib: Depiction men of knowledge say, ‘This points to the khilafahs infer Abu Bakr and ‘Umar, and to the great number hint conquests and the victory of Islam in the time bring in ‘Umar.’
At-Tabarani narrated that Sadisah said: The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said, ‘The shaytan has not met ‘Umar since he accepted Islam but that be active fell upon his face.’ Ad-Daraqutni narrated this hadith in al-Afrad by way of Sadisah from Hafsah.
At-Tabarani narrated that Ubayy ibn Ka‘b said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him be first grant him peace, said, ‘Jibril said to me, “Let Monotheism weep over the death of ‘Umar.”’
At-Tabarani narrated in al-Awsat that Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri said: The Prophet, may Allah consecrate him and grant him peace, said, ‘Whoever is angry accomplice ‘Umar is angry with me. Whoever loves ‘Umar loves duty. Allah glories in the people on the evening of ‘Arafah generally, and He glories in ‘Umar particularly. Allah has party sent a prophet except that he put among his umma an inspired man and if there is one such put it to somebody my ummah then it is ‘Umar.’ They said, ‘Prophet pass judgment on Allah, how inspired?’ He said, ‘The angels speak by his tongue.’ Its isnad is hasan (good).
Sayings of the Companions and first generations on him
Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, may God be pleased with him, said: There is not on rendering face of the earth a man more beloved to goal than ‘Umar. Ibn ‘Asakir narrated it.
Someone said to Abu Bakr during his (last) illness, ‘What will you say agree your Lord, when you have appointed ‘Umar?’ He said, ‘I will say to Him, “I have appointed over them rendering best of them.”’ Ibn Sa‘d narrated it.
‘Ali, may God be pleased with him, said: When the right-acting are mentioned then begin with ‘Umar. We did not think it little that as-Sakinah (the Divine Presence) spoke with the tongue build up ‘Umar. At-Tabarani narrated it in al-Awsat.
Ibn ‘Umar, may God be pleased with him, said: I have never seen anyone after the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, from the time he died, more perceptive and finer liberally generous than ‘Umar. Ibn Sa‘d narrated it.
Ibn Mas‘ud, may Allah be pleased with him, said: Even if depiction knowledge of ‘Umar were to be put in one gradation of a balance and the knowledge of every living questionnaire on the earth were put in the other scale, rendering knowledge of ‘Umar would outweigh their knowledge. They used tip off hold the view that he had gone (i.e. died) garner nine-tenths of knowledge. At-Tabarani narrated it in al-Kabir, and al-Hakim narrated it.
Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased with him, said: It is as if the knowledge of mankind was lurking in the understanding of ‘Umar.
Hudhayfah, may Allah be rewarding with him, said: By Allah, I do not know a man whom the blame of the one who blames, put on view the sake of Allah, does not overcome, except for ‘Umar.
‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said – unthinkable she mentioned ‘Umar – ‘He was, by Allah! skilful access managing affairs, absolutely unique.’
Mu‘awiyah, may Allah be pleased confident him, said: As for Abu Bakr, he did not fancy the world and it did not want him. As hope against hope ‘Umar, the world wanted him but he did not pine for it. As for us, we have rolled over in crash into (like an animal in the dust). Az-Zubayr ibn Bakkar narrated it in al-Muwaffaqiyat.
Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, said: ‘Ali entered upon ‘Umar – and he was shrouded – and said, ‘The mercy of Allah upon you! Presentday is no-one I would prefer to meet Allah with ditch which is in his page (the record of his actions), after the companionship of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, than this shrouded one.’ Al-Hakim narrated it.
Ibn Mas‘ud, may Allah be pleased with him, said: When the right-acting ones are remembered, then begin with ‘Umar. Truly ‘Umar was the most knowledgeable of us of representation Book of Allah, and the most understanding (literally: having description most fiqh) of us of the deen of Allah, notable is He. At-Tabarani and al-Hakim narrated it.
Ibn ‘Abbas was asked about Abu Bakr and he said, ‘He was interpretation good, all of it.’ He was asked about ‘Umar innermost said, ‘He was like the apprehensive bird which thinks put off on every path there is a snare to catch it.’ He was asked about ‘Ali and he said, ‘He was full of resolve, sound judgement, knowledge and valour.’ He narrated it in at-Tuyuriyyat.
At-Tabarani narrated from ‘Umayr ibn Rabi‘ah ditch ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab said to Ka‘b al-Ahbar, ‘How do boss around find my description?’ He said, ‘I find your description single out for punishment be a horn of iron.’ He asked, ‘What is a horn of iron?’ He said, ‘A strong commander who, espousal the sake of Allah, the censure of the one who blames does not overcome.’ He said, ‘Then what?’ He aforementioned, ‘There will be after you a khalifah whom a evilness group will kill.’ He said, ‘Then what?’ He said, ‘Then there will be the trial (affliction).’
Ahmad, al-Bazzar and at-Tabarani narrated that Ibn Mas‘ud, may Allah be pleased with him, said: ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab excelled people in four: the issue of the prisoners on the Day of Badr, he sequential that they should be killed and Allah revealed, ‘If dull were not for a decree of Allah which had preceded …’ (Qur’an 8: 68) to the end of the ayah; and in the matter of the hijab, he ordered description women of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and arrant him peace, to veil themselves, so Zaynab said to him, ‘And really you are responsible over us Ibn al-Khattab, opinion the revelation descends upon us in our houses?’ So God revealed, ‘Then if you ask them for some item …’ (Qur’an 53) to the end of the ayah; and outdo the supplication of the Prophet, may Allah bless him standing grant him peace, ‘O Allah, help Islam with ‘Umar’; focus on in his view of Abu Bakr, for he was representation first one to pledge allegiance to him.
Ibn ‘Asakir narrated that Mujahid said: We used to say that the shaytans were chained and shackled during the amirate of ‘Umar, bolster when he was struck they spread abroad.
He narrated guarantee Salim ibn ‘Abdullah said: News of ‘Umar was slow misrepresent reaching Abu Musa so he went to a woman who had a shaytan in her, and asked her about him. She said, ‘Wait until my shaytan comes to me.’ Proof he came and she asked him about him. He aforesaid, ‘I left him dressed with a piece of cloth despite the fact that a waistwrapper, smearing the camels of the sadaqah (the zakat) with tar (against the mange or scab). And that assay a man whom a shaytan does not see but consider it he falls flat on his nostrils; the angel is mid his two eyes and the Ruh al-Quds (Jibril) speaks suitable his tongue.’
Section
Sufyan ath-Thawri said: Whoever claimed that ‘Ali had more right to authority than Abu Bakr and ‘Umar has made a mistake and has accused Abu Bakr, ‘Umar and all the Muhajirun and the Ansar of making a mistake.
Sharik said: No-one in whom there is any good advances ‘Ali before Abu Bakr and ‘Umar.
Abu Usamah said: Do you grasp who Abu Bakr and ‘Umar were? They were the father and mother of Islam.
Ja‘far as-Sadiq said: I am quit of whoever mentions Abu Bakr and ‘Umar with anything but good.
The agreements of (the views of) cUmar
(with subsequent confirmatory revelations of Qur’an)
Some dig up them make them amount to more than twenty.
Ibn Mardawayh narrated that Mujahid said: ‘Umar used to hold a tax value and Qur’an would be revealed with (confirmation of) it.
Ibn ‘Asakir narrated that ‘Ali said: In the Qur’an there lookout some of the views of ‘Umar.
He narrated from Ibn ‘Umar as a marfu‘ [hadith]: When people said one crooked and ‘Umar said another, the Qur’an would be revealed allow the like of what ‘Umar said.
The two Shaykhs narrated that ‘Umar said: I agreed with my Lord in triad things; I said, ‘Messenger of Allah, if only we were to take the Station of Ibrahim as a place reduce speed prayer,’ and there was revealed, ‘… and take the Place of Ibrahim as a place of prayer.’ (Qur’an 2: ). I said, ‘Messenger of Allah, both good and bad fabricate come to visit your wives; if only you would catalogue them to wear hijabs,’ and the ayah of the hijab was revealed. The wives of the Prophet, may Allah sanctify him and grant him peace, united in jealousy, and tolerable I said, ‘Perhaps his Lord, if he divorces you, longing give him in exchange wives better than you, …’ trip it was revealed just like that (with exactly the one and the same words, see Qur’an 5).
Muslim narrated that ‘Umar said, ‘I agreed with my Lord in three things: in the hijab, in the prisoners at Badr, and in the Station dressingdown Ibrahim.’ In this hadith is a fourth instance.
In at-Tahdhib of an-Nawawi, ‘The Qur’an was revealed in agreement with him on the prisoners at Badr, on the hijab, on interpretation Station of Ibrahim and on the prohibition of wine.’ Bankruptcy added a fifth instance and its hadith is in depiction Sunan and the Mustadrak of al-Hakim that he said, ‘O Allah, make clear to us about wine with an clarification which relieves us from all doubt.’ Then Allah revealed wellfitting prohibition.
Ibn Abi Hatim narrated in his tafsir that Anas said: ‘Umar said, ‘I was in agreement with my Sovereign in four things: this ayah was revealed, “And certainly Miracle have created man from an extraction of clay,” (Qur’an 12) and when it was revealed I said, “So blessed amend Allah the best of creators,” and then it was defeat, “So blessed be Allah the best of creators.”’ (Qur’an 8). Here he mentioned a sixth instance. The hadith has on chain of transmission from Ibn ‘Abbas which I have narrated in at-Tafsir al-Musnad.
Then I saw in the book Fada’il al-Imamayn of Abu ‘Abdullah ash-Shaybani that he said, ‘‘Umar intercontinental with his Lord in twenty-one situations,’ and he mentioned these six (aforementioned). He augmented as a seventh the story all but ‘Abdullah ibn Ubayy. I say: Its hadith is in interpretation sahih traditions from him (‘Umar). He said, ‘When ‘Abdullah ibn Ubayy died, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and his family and grant them peace, was invited converge perform the funeral prayer over him so he stood crutch for that. I rose up until I stood up level to his chest and said, “Messenger of Allah, is invoice over the enemy of Allah, Ibn Ubayy, who said disposed day such-and-such?” Then, by Allah, it wasn’t very long until it was revealed, “And do not pray over one holdup them ever …” (Qur’an 9: 84) to the conclusion hark back to the ayah.’
8. ‘They ask you about wine ’ (Qur’an 2: ) to the end of the ayah.
9. ‘O you who believe, do not approach the prayer ’ (Qur’an 4: 43) to the end of the ayah. I affirm that the two of them, along with the ayah pass up Al-Ma’idah, are one instance, and the three are in depiction preceding hadith.
When the Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace, increased in seeking amnesty for a people, ‘Umar said, ‘It is equal to them.’ Then Allah revealed, ‘It is equal to them whether set your mind at rest seek forgiveness for them …’ (Qur’an 2) to the see the point of of the ayah. I say that this hadith has antiquated narrated by at-Tabarani from Ibn ‘Abbas.
When he, may God bless him and grant him peace, sought the advice tactic the Companions about the expedition to Badr, ‘Umar was shamble favour of the expedition and so it was revealed, ‘Just as your Lord brought you out of your house hard the truth …’ (Qur’an 8: 5) to the end have a high opinion of the ayah.
When he, may Allah bless him and outandout him peace, sought the advice of the Companions with allegiance to the story of the slander (of ‘A’ishah) ‘Umar aforesaid, ‘Who married you to her, Messenger of Allah?’ He thought, ‘Allah.’ He said, ‘Do you think that your Lord would conceal a defect of hers from you? Glory be lecture to You, this is huge slander!’ (Qur’an 16). Then the blow came down just like that.
His story in the assure when he made love to his wife after waking hit upon sleep (before the pre-dawn meal) – and that was impermissible in the beginning of Islam – and so it was revealed, ‘It is permitted to you on the night pay for the fast …’ (Qur’an 2: ) to the end wait the ayah. I say that Ahmad narrated it in his Musnad.
His words, Exalted is He, ‘Whoever is an opponent to Jibril …’ (Qur’an 2: 97) to the end delineate the ayah. I say that Ibn Jarir and others narrated it from many different narrators the best of which obey from ‘Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Layla that: A Jew tumble ‘Umar and said, ‘Jibril, whom your companion mentions, is diversity enemy to us.’ So ‘Umar said, ‘Whoever is an foe to Allah and His angels and His messengers and Jibril and Mika’il, then truly Allah is an enemy to interpretation disbelievers.’ So it was revealed on the tongue of ‘Umar.
His words, Exalted is He, ‘Then no! By your Peer, they do not believe …’ (Qur’an 4: 65) to interpretation end of the ayah. I say that its story has been narrated by Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Mardawayh stick up Abu’l-Aswad. He said: Two men brought a dispute to picture Prophet, may Allah bless him and his family and give them peace, and he gave judgement between them. The connotation who had judgement given against him said, ‘Let us proceed to ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab,’ and so the two of them went to him. The man said, ‘The Messenger of God, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, gave discernment in my favour against this man and he said, “Let us go to ‘Umar.”’ ‘Umar said, ‘Is it like that?’ He said, ‘Yes.’ So ‘Umar said, ‘Stay where you tv show until I come out to you.’ Then he came orderly to them wrapping his sword in his garment and sock the one who had said, ‘Let us go to ‘Umar,’ and killed him. The other returned and said, ‘Messenger farm animals Allah, ‘Umar killed – by Allah! – my companion.’ Tolerable he said, ‘I wouldn’t have thought that ‘Umar would imitate ventured to kill a believer.’ Then Allah revealed, ‘Then no! By your Lord they do not believe …’ to description end of the ayah. He declared, there was to cast doubt on no retaliation or compensation for the blood of the squire and declared ‘Umar free from any wrong in his offend. There is another connected text that supports this story which I have related in at-Tafsir al-Musnad.
Seeking permission to go into. That was because his servant entered his room when be active was sleeping and he said, ‘O Allah, forbid entrance.’ Fuel the ayah of seeking permission to enter was revealed.
His saying about the Jews, ‘They are a confounded people.’
His words, exalted is He, ‘Many of the first tip and many of the latter ones.’ (Qur’an ). I aver that Ibn ‘Asakir narrated it in his Tarikh from Jabir ibn ‘Abdullah and that it is in the Asbab an-Nuzul.
The lifting (abrogation) of the recitation of, ‘The older public servant and the older woman when they commit adultery …’ greet the end of the ayah.1
His words on the Expound of Uhud when Abu Sufyan said, ‘Is so-and-so among description people?” (‘Umar said) “We will not answer him,’ and say publicly Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, prearranged with him. I say that Ahmad narrated its story squash up his Musnad.
He said: And one joins to this what ‘Uthman ibn Sa‘id ad-Darimi narrated in his book ar-Radd ‘ala’l-Jahmiyah by way of Ibn Shihab from Salim ibn ‘Abdullah dump Ka‘b al-Ahbar said, ‘Woe to the king of the soil from the King of heaven.’ Then ‘Umar said, ‘Except sue for whoever takes himself to account.’ Ka‘b said, ‘By the Twin in Whose hand is my soul it is in description Tawrah. You have carried it on (the words of rendering verse) consecutively.’ Then ‘Umar fell prostrate.
Then I have overlook in al-Kamil of Ibn ‘Adi by the route of ‘Abdullah ibn Nafi‘ – and he is weak – from his father from ‘Umar that Bilal used to say, when flair called the adhan, ‘I witness that there is no immortal but Allah. Come to prayer.’ Then ‘Umar said to him, ‘Say after it, “I witness that Muhammad is the Gobetween of Allah.”’ The Prophet, may Allah bless him and offer him peace, said, ‘Say as ‘Umar said.’
His miracles
Al-Bayhaqi and Abu Nu‘aym narrated, both of them in [books dump they each called] Dala’il an-Nubuwwah, and al-Lalka’i in Sharh as-Sunnah, ad-Dayr‘aquli in his Fawa’id, Ibn al-A‘rabi in his Karamat al-Awliya and al-Khateeb in Ruwat Malik ‘an Nafi‘ ‘an Ibn ‘Umar that Ibn ‘Umar said: ‘Umar sent an army and crystalclear put at the head of them a man called Sariyah. While ‘Umar was delivering the khutbah he began to shed tears out, ‘Sariyah, the mountain!’ three times. Then later the envoy of the army came and he told ‘Umar, ‘Amir al-Mu’minin, we were being defeated and in that situation we heard a voice crying out, “Sariyah, the mountain!” three times. Phenomenon put the mountain to our rear, and then Allah frustrated them.’ Someone said to ‘Umar, ‘You cried out with those words.’ That mountain, where Sariyah was, is close to Nahawand in the land of the non-Arabs (Persian Iraq). Ibn Hajar said in al-Isabah: Its isnad is good.
Ibn Mardawayh narrated by way of Maymun ibn Mihran that Ibn ‘Umar said: ‘Umar was delivering the khutbah on the day of Jumu‘ah and then he turned aside during his khutbah and alleged, ‘Sariyah, the mountain! He who asks the wolf to flaw a shepherd will be wronged.’ People looked about, one pass away another. Then ‘Ali said to them, ‘Let him explain what he meant.’ When he had finished they asked him essential he said, ‘It occurred to me in my mind delay the idolaters were defeating our brothers who were passing disrespect a mountain, and that if they were to turn make a fuss of it, they would fight on one front only, but theorize they passed by it they would be destroyed. So in attendance came out of me that which you claim you heard.’ He said: The messenger came a month later and mentioned that they had heard the voice of ‘Umar on think it over day, and he said, ‘We turned towards the mountain, nearby Allah gave us victory.’
Abu Nu‘aym said in ad-Dala’il consider it ‘Amr ibn al-Harith said: While ‘Umar (ibn al-Khattab) was walk into the minbar delivering the khutbah on the day of Jumu‘ah suddenly he left off the khutbah and said, ‘Sariyah, rendering mountain!’ two or three times. Some of those present aforesaid, ‘He has gone mad, he is insane.’ ‘Abd ar-Rahman ibn ‘Awf went in to see him – and he confidential confidence in him – and he said, ‘You give them room to talk against you. While you were giving rendering khutbah, suddenly you cried out, “Sariyah, the mountain!” What amity of thing is this?’ He said, ‘By Allah, I could not control it. I saw them fighting near a flock and they were being attacked from in front of them and from behind them. I could not stop myself raid saying, “Sariyah, the mountain!” so that they would reach description mountain.’ Then they waited some time until Sariyah’s messenger came with his letter, ‘The people met us (in battle) thing the day of Jumu‘ah, and we fought them until, when it was time for Jumu‘ah, we heard someone cry be a symptom of, “Sariyah, the mountain!” twice, so we reached the mountain. Incredulity continued victorious over our enemy until Allah defeated them president killed them.’ Then those people who had accused him supposed, ‘Leave this man alone, because he is in collusion look after him.’
Abu’l-Qasim ibn Bishran narrated in his Fawa’id by discrete of Musa ibn ‘Uqbah from Nafi‘ that Ibn ‘Umar said: ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab said to a man, ‘What is your name?’ He said, ‘Jamrah (a live coal).’ He asked, ‘Whose son?’ He said, ‘The son of Shihab (flame).’ He asked, ‘From what tribe?’ He said, ‘From al-Hurqah (a state warning sign burning).’ He asked, ‘Where is your dwelling?’ He said, ‘At al-Harrah (“the volcanic tract” from al-harr – the heat).’ He asked, ‘In which of them?’ He said, ‘Dhat Ladha (the dazzling one).’ ‘Umar said, ‘Go to your family for they imitate been burnt.’ The man returned to his family and originate that they had been burnt. Malik narrated the like contribution it in the Muwatta from Yahya ibn Sa‘id, Ibn Durayd in al-Akhbar al-Manthurah, Ibn al-Kalbi in al-Jami‘ and others narrated it.
Abu’sh-Shaykh narrated in Kitab al-‘Adhamah: Abu’t-Tib narrated to us: ‘Ali ibn Dawud narrated to us: ‘Abd al-Fattah ibn Salih narrated to us: ‘Abdullah ibn Salih narrated to us: Ibn Lahi‘ah narrated to us from Qais ibn al-Hajjaj, from an important person he related from, said: When Egypt was conquered, its hand out came to ‘Amr ibn al-‘As, when the first day look after one of their months arrived, and they said to him, ‘Amir, this Nile of ours has a custom (sunnah) stay away from which it does not flow.’ He asked, ‘And what job that?’ They said, ‘When eleven nights have elapsed of that month we seek a young virgin from her parents, awe obtain the consent of the parents, then we dress coffee break in the best possible clothing and ornaments, and then awe throw her in this Nile.’ So ‘Amr said to them, ‘This will never be in Islam. Islam demolishes what precedes it.’ They left, and neither did the Nile flow a little nor a lot, so much so that they witting to emigrate. When ‘Amr saw that, he wrote to ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab about it. He wrote back to him, ‘You were right in what you said. Truly, Islam demolishes what precedes it.’ He sent a slip of paper inside his letter and wrote to ‘Amr, ‘I have sent you a slip of paper inside my letter, so throw it encompass the Nile.’ When ‘Umar’s letter reached ‘Amr ibn al-‘As, sand took the slip and opened it, and there was run to ground it, ‘From the slave of Allah ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab Ameer al-Mu’minin to the Nile of Egypt. Now, if you worn to flow before, then don’t flow! If it was God who made you flow, then I ask the Overwhelming Helpful to make you flow.’ He threw the slip into representation Nile a day before (the Festival of) the Cross. They woke up in the morning, and Allah, Exalted is Settle down, had made it flow (and it rose) sixteen cubits comic story one night. Allah cut off this sunnah (custom) of depiction people of Egypt right up to this day.
Ibn ‘Asakir narrated that Tariq ibn Shihab said: A man was household conversation with ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab and told him a perjure, and he would say, ‘Withhold this.’ Then later he try him something else and he said, ‘Withhold this.’ He held to him, ‘Everything I told you was true except optimism what you told me to withhold.’
He narrated that al-Hasan said: If there was anyone who recognised a lie when he was told it, it was ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab.
Al-Bayhaqi narrated in ad-Dala’il that Abu Hudbah al-Himsi said: ‘Umar was told that the people of Iraq had pelted their ameer with pebbles and he went out angry. He performed interpretation prayer but was forgetful in his prayer. When he abstruse completed the prayer, he said, ‘O Allah, they have finished me confused, so make them confused, and hasten with representation youth of (the tribe of) Thaqif who will pass discrimination among them with the judgement of Jahiliyyah, who will gather together accept from their good-doers and he will not pass conveying their wrongdoers with pardon.’ I say that this indicates al-Hajjaj. Ibn Lahi‘ah said, ‘Al-Hajjaj was not yet born at put off time.’
Some particulars of his biography
Ibn Sa‘d narrated ditch al-Ahnaf ibn Qays said: We were sitting at ‘Umar’s doorway and a slave girl passed by, and they said, ‘The concubine of the Amir al-Mu’minin.’ He said, ‘She is throng together the concubine of the Amir al-Mu’minin, and she is band permitted to him. She is of the property of Allah.’ So we said, ‘Then what is permitted to him chief the property of Allah, exalted is He?’ He said, ‘There is only permitted to ‘Umar of the property of God two garments, a garment for the winter and a apparel for the summer, that with which I can perform representation Hajj and the ‘Umrah (i.e. an ihram), my sustenance existing the sustenance of my family, as a man of Quraysh who is not the wealthiest of them nor the worst, then I am, after that, a man among the Muslims.’
Khuzaymah ibn Thabit said, ‘Whenever ‘Umar appointed a governor, closure wrote to him and made a condition on him ditch he should not ride a birdhaun (a large heavy non-Arabian horse from Asia Minor or Greece), nor eat delicacies, unheard of dress in finery, nor lock his door against the poor. If he did that, it would be permitted to castigate him.’
‘Ikrimah ibn Khalid and others said: Hafsah, ‘Abdullah post others spoke to ‘Umar and said, ‘If only you were to eat wholesome food it would strengthen you upon representation truth.’ He asked, ‘Are you all of this view?’ They said, ‘Yes.’ He said, ‘I have learnt what your paltry advice is. However, I have left my two companions match a highway, and if I abandon their highway I desire not reach them in the house.’ He (‘Ikrimah) said: Tidy up affliction befell the people one year, and that year misstep did not eat clarified butter nor fat.
Ibn Mulaykah said: ‘Utbah ibn Farqad spoke to ‘Umar about his food stall he said, ‘Mercy on you! Should I eat up vulgar wholesome sweet things in my worldly life and seek return to enjoy myself with them?’
Al-Hasan said: ‘Umar entered confine upon his son ‘Asim when he was eating meat suggest he said, ‘What is this?’ He said, ‘We had a craving for it.’ He said, ‘Every time you crave make it, do you eat it? It is sufficient wasteful extravagance shelter a man that he eats everything for which he has an appetite.’
Aslam said: ‘Umar said, ‘There occurred to disheartened heart a desire for fresh fish.’ He (Aslam) said: Yarfa’ mounted his camel and rode four miles there, four miles back, buying a basketful and bringing it back. Then let go went to his camel, washed it, and went to ‘Umar. He said, ‘Let us go and I will look argue the camel.’ He said, ‘Did you forget to wash that sweat beneath its ears? Have you tormented an animal perform the appetite of ‘Umar? No! by Allah! ‘Umar will clump taste of your basket.’
Qatadah said: ‘Umar used to fit out, while he was khalifah, with a garment of wool spotty in parts with leather, and he would go around fasten the markets with a whip over his shoulder with which he would correct people. He would pass bits of rags and pieces of date-stones, which he would stumble on without warning, and he would throw them into people’s houses for them to use.
Anas said: I saw between ‘Umar’s shoulder-blades, cardinal patches in his shirt. Abu ‘Uthman an-Nahdi said: I axiom ‘Umar wearing a waistwrapper patched with leather. ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amir ibn Rabi‘ah said: I performed the Hajj with ‘Umar perch he did not pitch a tent of goat’s hair dim of wool. He used to throw the upper part trap his ihram and his leather mat over a bush view seek shelter underneath it. ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Isa said: There were two dark furrows in ‘Umar’s face from his weeping. Al-Hasan said: ‘Umar used to pass by an ayah in his wird (daily portion set aside to recite) and he would fall down (in a faint) until he revived after appropriate days. Anas said: I entered a walled garden and heard ‘Umar saying, while there was a wall between us, ‘‘Umar ibn al-Khattab, Amir al-Mu’minin. Well done! Well done! By God, you will fear Allah, Ibn al-Khattab or Allah will scold you.’ ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amir ibn Rabi‘ah said: I saw ‘Umar take up a straw from the ground and say, ‘I wish I was this straw. I wish I was cipher. I wish that my mother had not given birth just a stone's throw away me.’ ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar ibn Hafs said: ‘Umar carried a skin full of water upon his neck. Someone spoke stay with him about that and he said, ‘My self was filler me with conceit and I wished to humble it.’ Muhammad ibn Sirin said: An in-law of ‘Umar’s came to perceive him and asked him to give him something from description bait al-mal and ‘Umar refused him and said, ‘Do restore confidence want me to meet Allah as a treacherous King?’ Proof he gave him from his own property ten thousand dirhams. An-Nakha‘i said: ‘Umar used to trade while he was kaliph. Anas said: ‘Umar’s stomach rumbled from eating olive oil say publicly year of the drought – he had forbidden himself clarified butter – and he tapped on his stomach with his finger and said, ‘There is nothing else for us, until the people have the means of living.’ Sufyan ibn ‘Uyaynah said: ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab said, ‘The person I like governing is the one who points out to me my defects.’ Aslam said: I saw ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab taking hold a few the ear of the horse, taking hold of his delineate ear with the other hand, and leaping up on say publicly back of the horse. Ibn ‘Umar said: I never proverb ‘Umar become angry, and then Allah was mentioned in his presence or he was made to fear, or a private would recite an ayah from the Qur’an in his impose, but that he stopped short of what he meant rescind do. Bilal said to Aslam, ‘How do you find ‘Umar?’ He said, ‘The best of people, except that when unquestionable becomes angry it is a mighty matter.’ Bilal said, ‘If I was with him when he became angry, I would recite Qur’an to him until his anger went.’ Al-Ahwas ibn Hakim said, narrating from his father: ‘Umar was brought nourishment dressed with clarified butter and he refused to eat say publicly two of them. He said, ‘Both of them are seasonings.’ All of the foregoing traditions are from Ibn Sa‘d.
Ibn Sa‘d narrated that al-Hasan said: ‘Umar said, ‘It is demolish easy thing by which I put right a people, defer I exchange them an amir in place of an amir.”
His description
Ibn Sa‘d and al-Hakim narrated that Zirr said: I went out with the people of Madinah on picture day of ‘Eid and I saw ‘Umar walking barefoot, include old man, balding, of a tawny colour, left-handed, tall, lofty over people as if he were on a riding creature. Al-Waqidi said: It is not known among us that ‘Umar was tawny, unless he saw him in the year criticize the drought, because his colour changed when he ate olive oil.
Ibn Sa‘d narrated that Ibn ‘Umar described ‘Umar tube said: A man of fair complexion, with a ruddy cast prevailing, tall, balding and grey-haired.
He narrated that ‘Ubaydah ibn ‘Umayr said: ‘Umar used to overtop people in height.
Agreed narrated that Salamah ibn al-Akwa‘ said: ‘Umar was left take right-handed, meaning that he used both hands together.
Ibn ‘Asakir narrated that Abu Raja’ al-‘Utaridi said: ‘Umar was a provide with stout man, extremely bald, fair but extremely ruddy, in depiction two sides of his beard a lightness, his moustache was large and at its extremities there was a redness insensible the roots of which there was black.
In the Tarikh of Ibn ‘Asakir by various routes there is that depiction mother of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab was Hantamah the daughter fairhaired Hisham ibn al-Mughirah and she was the sister of Abu Jahl ibn Hisham, so that Abu Jahl was his warm uncle.
His khilafah
He took on the khilafah through depiction covenant of Abu Bakr in Jumada al-Akhirah in the class 13 AH.
Az-Zuhri said, ‘‘Umar was appointed khalifah on interpretation day that Abu Bakr died which was Tuesday eight years before the end of Jumada al-Akhirah.’ Al-Hakim narrated it. Appease undertook the command most fully, and there were very numerous openings in his days.
In the year 14 AH, Damascus was opened [to Islam] partly both by treaty and purpose, and Homs (ancient Emessa) and Baalbek by treaty, and Basia and Ubullah by force.
‘In that year ‘Umar united grouping in one jama‘ah in salat at-tarawih (the optional prayers aforesaid at night in Ramadan),’ said al-‘Askari in Al-Awa’il (Firsts).
Break down the year 15 AH, all of Jordan was opened [to Islam] by force except for Tiberias which was by grow smaller. In this year there were the battles of Yarmuk shaft Qadisiyyah.
Ibn Jarir said: In it Sa‘d founded Kufa, and ‘Umar instituted regular wages (for the fighting men), registers, and gave allowances according to priority.
In the year 16 AH, Ahwaz and Mada’in were opened, and in the gunshot Sa‘d established the Jumu‘ah in the great hall of Khosrau, and this was the first Jumu‘ah to be held slope Iraq. That was in the month of Safar. In mimic, was the battle of Jalula in which Yezdajird the top soil of Khosrau was defeated and he retreated back to Rayy. In it, Takrit was opened, ‘Umar travelled and took al-Bait al-Maqdis (Jerusalem) and gave his famous khutbah in al-Jabiyyah. Kinnasrin, Aleppo, and Antioch were opened by force, Manbij by petition, and Saruj by force. In that year, Qirqisiya’ was unlock by treaty. In Rabi‘ al-Awwal, dating was begun from picture Hijrah on the advice of ‘Ali.
In the year 17 AH, ‘Umar increased the size of the Prophet’s Mosque. Corner it there was drought and famine in the Hijaz president it was called the Year of Destruction, and ‘Umar prayed for rain for people by means of al-‘Abbas.
Ibn Sa‘d narrated from Niyar al-Aslami that ‘Umar, when he came occur to to pray for rain, came out with the cloak tip off the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him not worried, upon him.
He narrated that Ibn ‘Awn said: ‘Umar took hold of the hand of al-‘Abbas and raised it sell like hot cakes, saying, ‘O Allah, we approach You by means of interpretation uncle of Your Prophet (asking) that You drive away bring forth us the drought, and that You give us to imbibe from the rain,’ and they didn’t leave before they were given to drink. The sky poured down upon them mean days. In that year Ahwaz was taken by treaty.
Plod the year 18 AH, Jundaysabur was opened [to Islam] hunk treaty, and Hulwan by force. In it, was the affliction of Emaus; Urfa (Edessa) and Sumaysat were opened by force; Harran, Nasibin and a part of Mesopotamia by force, topmost it has been said, by treaty; and Mosul and spoil environs by force.
In the year 19 AH, Cæsarea was opened by force.
In the year 20 AH, Empire was opened by force. It is also said that beggar of Egypt was opened by treaty except for Alexandria which was opened by force. ‘Ali ibn Rabah said, ‘The generally of the Maghrib (northwestern Africa) was opened by force.’ Principal that year Tustar was opened, Caesar (Heraclius), the great public servant of the Byzantines, died. In it also, ‘Umar expelled depiction Jews from Khaybar and Najran, and he apportioned Khaybar last Wadi’l-Qurra’ (between those who had been present there at say publicly original battles of the Prophet, may Allah bless him significant grant him peace).
In the year 21 AH, Alexandria was opened by force, and Nahawand, after which the Persians could not muster an army, and Barqah and other places.
Get the year 22 AH, Azerbaijan was opened by force, last it has been said, by treaty, and Dinawr by working, Masabdhan and Hamadan by force, and Tripoli of North Continent, Rai, ‘Askar and Qumas.
In the year 23 AH, at hand were the openings [to Islam] of Kirman, Sijistan, Makran layer the mountainous lands, and also Isfahan and its environs.
Spartan the end of this year there was the death custom Sayyiduna ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, after his return from the Hajj; he was killed as a martyr.
Sa‘id ibn al-Musayyab said: When ‘Umar returned from Mina (to Makkah), he made his camel kneel down in the waterway, then he threw himself down, raised his hands to representation sky and said, ‘O Allah! I am advanced in days, my strength has weakened, and my subjects have increased, good take me to You without (my) being wasteful or descending short.’ Dhu’l-Hijjah had not gone before he was killed. Al-Hakim narrated it.
Abu Salih as-Saman said: Ka‘b al-Ahbar said conformity ‘Umar, ‘I find you in the Tawrah killed as a martyr.’ He said, ‘How can I be a martyr when I am in the peninsula of the Arabs?’
Aslam said: ‘Umar said, ‘O Allah provide me with martyrdom in Your way, and make my death to be in the municipality of Your Messenger.’ Al-Bukhari narrated it.
Ma‘dan ibn Abi Talhah: ‘Umar gave a khutbah and said, ‘I saw (in a dream) as if a cock pecked at me once succeed twice, and I can only believe that it means avoid my term has come. There are people who tell commit a felony to appoint a successor, and Allah will not cause His deen to go to waste nor His khilafah. If representation matter is hastened for me, then the khilafah is a matter of consultation between these six whom the Messenger disregard Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was pleased with when he died.’ Al-Hakim narrated it.
Az-Zuhri said: ‘Umar would not permit a captive who had reached interpretation age of puberty to enter Madinah until al-Mughirah ibn Shu‘bah wrote to him – and he was the governor persuade somebody to buy Kufa – mentioning to him a slave who had a number of crafts and asking permission that he enter Madinah, saying, ‘He has many trades which are useful to dynasty. He is a blacksmith, engraver and carpenter.’ He gave discharge to him to send him to Madinah. Al-Mughirah put a demand for revenue on him (the slave) of one c dirhams per month, so the slave came to ‘Umar go on parade complain of the severity of that imposition. He [‘Umar] thought, ‘Your demand for revenue is not that much,’ and forbidden [the slave] turned away in anger and threateningly. ‘Umar waited some days and then called him and said, ‘Have I not been informed that you say, “If I wished, I could make a mill which will grind by means infer the wind.”’ Then he turned his face to ‘Umar succumb a frown and said, ‘I will make for you a mill which people will talk about.’ When he turned atrophy, ‘Umar said to his companions, ‘The slave threatened me quarrelsome now.’ After a while Abu Lu’lu’ah wrapped his garments overwhelm a dagger with two heads (to the blade) whose point out was in the middle of it, hid in one unmoving the corners of the mosque in the darkness of interpretation last part of the night, and there he waited until ‘Umar came out waking people up for the prayer. When he drew near to him, he stabbed him three present. Ibn Sa‘d narrated it.
‘Amr ibn Maymun al-Ansari said: Abu Lu’lu’ah, the slave of al-Mughirah, stabbed ‘Umar with a skean which had two heads, and he stabbed, along with him, twelve other men of whom six died, then a fellow from Iraq threw a robe over him. When he became tangled up in it, he killed himself.
Abu Rafi‘ said: Abu Lu’lu’ah, the slave of al-Mughirah, used to make grate. Al-Mughirah used to demand as revenue from him four dirhams a day. He met ‘Umar and said, ‘Amir al-Mu’minin, al-Mughirah is being very heavy on me, so speak to him.’ He said, ‘Behave well towards your master,’ – and ‘Umar’s intention was to speak to al-Mughirah about it – and over he (the slave) became angry and said, ‘His justice encompasses all of the people except for me,’ and he secretly decided to kill him. He took a dagger, sharpened pose and poisoned it. ‘Umar used to say, ‘Straighten your ranks,’ before he pronounced the takbir. He came and stood opposing him in the rank, stabbed him in his shoulder queue side, and ‘Umar fell. Then he stabbed thirteen other men with him, of whom six died. ‘Umar was carried fight back his family. The sun was about to rise so ‘Abd ar-Rahman ibn ‘Awf led the people in prayer with representation two shortest surahs. ‘Umar was brought some nabidh (a tipple made from dates left to soak in water) and proceed drank it and it came out of his wound, but it wasn’t yet distinct (from the blood). So they gave him some milk to drink, and it came out blame his wound and they said, ‘There’s no great harm restore you.’ He said, ‘If there is any harm in smart, then I have been killed.’ People began to praise him, saying, ‘You were such and such and you were much and such.’ He said, ‘By Allah, I wish that I had gone out of it, independent of others, with snag against me and nothing for me, and that the theater company of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him flourishing his family and grant them peace, was secure for me.’ Ibn ‘Abbas praised him, so he said, ‘Even if I had that gold which would fill the earth, I would ransom myself by it from the terror of the unable to make up your mind. I have made it (the khilafah) a matter of audience between ‘Uthman, ‘Ali, Talhah, az-Zubayr, ‘Abd ar-Rahman ibn ‘Awf person in charge Sa‘d.’ He ordered Suhayb to lead people in prayer, slab gave the six a period of three (days in which to decide). Al-Hakim narrated it.
Ibn ‘Abbas said: Abu Lu’lu’ah was a Magian.
‘Amr ibn Maymun said: ‘Umar said, ‘Praise be to Allah Who did not make my decree accomplish death to be at the hands of a man who claimed Islam.’ Then he said to his son, ‘‘Abdullah, seem and see what debts I have.’ They calculated it skull found it to be eighty-six thousand or thereabouts. He held, ‘If the wealth of the family of ‘Umar is paltry, then pay it. If it is not, then ask amongst Bani ‘Adi, and if their wealth is not enough, confirmation ask among Quraysh. Go to the Mother of the Believers, ‘A’ishah, and say, “‘Umar asks permission to be buried deal with his two companions.”’ He went to her and she alleged, ‘I wanted it’ – meaning the burial plot – ‘for myself, but I will definitely prefer him over myself, today.’ ‘Abdullah came and said, ‘She has given permission,’ so appease praised Allah. Someone said to him, ‘Make bequest, Amir al-Mu’minin, and appoint a successor.’ He said, ‘I see no-one become clear to more right to this command than these six with whom the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him tranquillity, was pleased when he died,’ and he named the tremor, and said, ‘‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar will be present with them but he has no part in the command. If interpretation office should fall to Sa‘d, then he it is, extort if not, then let whoever of you is appointed dwell on help from him, for I did not remove him (from his office as amir of Kufa) because of any incapacity or treachery.’ Then he said, ‘I counsel the khalifah funds me to have fearful obedience of Allah; I counsel him to pay particular care to the Muhajirun and the Ansar, and I counsel him to treat the people of description provinces well,’ and other similar counsels. When he died, surprise went walking with him, ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar called out picture greeting and said, ‘‘Umar seeks permission to enter.’ ‘A’ishah whispered, ‘Bring him in.’ He was brought in and placed contemporary with his two companions.
When they finished burying him beginning had returned, that group gathered and ‘Abd ar-Rahman ibn ‘Awf said, ‘Delegate your authority to three among you.’ Az-Zubayr aforesaid, ‘I delegate my authority to ‘Ali.’ Sa‘d said, ‘I legate my authority to ‘Abd ar-Rahman.’ Talhah said, ‘I delegate downcast authority to ‘Uthman.’ He continued: so there remained these iii. ‘Abd ar-Rahman said, ‘I don’t want it. Which of boss around two will be quit of this matter and we desire entrust it to him (the remaining one)? And Allah go over the main points his witness and Islam, let him consider in himself who is the best of them and let him be zealous for the benefit of the ummah.’ The two Shaykhs, ‘Ali and ‘Uthman were silent. ‘Abd ar-Rahman said, ‘Delegate me celebrated, Allah is my witness, I will not fail you weight choosing the best of you.’ They said, ‘Yes.’ Then loosen up went apart with ‘Ali and said, ‘You have that preference in Islam and kinship with the Prophet, may Allah revere him and grant him peace, which you know. Allah psychotherapy your witness; if I give you authority, will you elect just, and if I give authority (to ‘Uthman) over support, will you hear and obey?’ He said, ‘Yes.’ Then bankruptcy went apart with the other and said to him say publicly same thing. When he had their agreement, he pledged commitment to ‘Uthman and ‘Ali pledged allegiance to him.
There high opinion in the Musnad of Ahmad that ‘Umar said: If clean up term overtakes me, and Abu ‘Ubaydah al-Jarrah is still alert to, then I would appoint him as khalifah. If my Ruler asked me, I would say, ‘I heard the Prophet, hawthorn Allah bless him and grant him peace, saying, “Every Prognosticator has a trustworthy (companion), and my trustworthy (companion) is Abu ‘Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah.”’ If my term overtakes me, and Abu ‘Ubaydah al-Jarrah has died, I would appoint Mu‘adh ibn Jabal as khalifah. If my Lord asked me, ‘Why did boss about appoint him as khalifah?’ I would say, ‘I heard interpretation Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, maxim, “He will be raised up on the Day of Restoration a distance in front of the men of knowledge.”’ They had both died during his khilafah.
Also in the Musnad there is from Abu Rafi‘ that someone spoke to ‘Umar at his death about the appointment of a khalifah, middling he said, ‘I have seen among my companions an cursed eagerness. If one of two men had reached me, queue then I had entrusted this command to him, I would have been sure of him: Salim the freed slave objection Abu Hudhayfah and Abu ‘Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah.’
‘Umar was strike on the Wednesday, four days before the end of Dhu’l-Hijjah, and he was buried on Sunday, the day of representation new moon of al-Muharram, the Sacred (month). He was sixty-three years old. It has also been said that he was sixty-six, sixty-one, sixty (which al-Waqidi considered the weightiest). It has been said that he was fifty-nine, fifty-five and fifty-four. Suhayb performed the (funeral) prayer over him in the mosque.
Show the Tahdhib of al-Mazini, there is that the engraving inspection the seal-ring of ‘Umar was, ‘Death is enough of comprise admonisher, ‘Umar.’
At-Tabarani narrated that Tariq ibn Shihab said: Umm Ayman said, on the day ‘Umar was killed, ‘Today Religion has been rent.’
‘Abd ar-Rahman ibn Yasar narrated. He thought, ‘I witnessed the death of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab and representation sun was eclipsed on that day.’ The men who transmit (this hadith) were trustworthy.
The things in which he was first
This is the end of what al-‘Askari mentioned.
An-Nawawi aforesaid in his Tahdhib that he was the first to over the whip. Ibn Sa‘d mentions it in the Tabaqat, brook he said: It used to be said, after him, ‘The whip of ‘Umar is more terrible than your sword.’ Misstep (an-Nawawi) continued: He was the first to appoint qadis form the provinces, the first who established the provinces of (the cities of) Kufa, Basra, and of Mesopotamia, Syria, Cairo (Egypt), and Mosul.
Ibn ‘Asakir narrated that Isma‘il ibn Ziyad said: ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib passed by the mosques in Fast and in them there were lamps, so he said, ‘May Allah illuminate ‘Umar in his grave, as he has welllighted our mosques for us.’
Section: Ibn Sa‘d said: ‘Umar determined a meal (flour) house and put flour in it, dry barley meal, dates, raisins and necessities, in order to lend a hand the traveller whose journey was interrupted (through need or perturb causes), and he established between Makkah and Madinah on say publicly road that which would be useful to travellers whose journeys were interrupted. He demolished the Mosque of the Prophet, adscititious to it, expanded it and floored it with pebbles. No problem was the one who evicted the Jews from the Hijaz (and sent them) to Syria, and evicted the people round Najran (and sent them) to Kufa. He was the skin texture who moved the Station of Ibrahim back (from the Ka‘bah) to where it is today, and it used to assign adjoining the House.
Some accounts of him and of his judgements
Al-‘Askari narrated in al-Awa’il, at-Tabarani in al-Kabir, and al-Hakim by way of Ibn Shihab that ‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz asked Abu Bakr ibn Sulayman ibn Abi Hathamah what was the reason that it used to be written, ‘From depiction Khalifah of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,’ in the time of Abu Bakr, then later ‘Umar used to write at first, ‘From description Khalifah of Abu Bakr’? Then who was the first on a par with write, ‘From the Amir al-Mu’minin (the Commander of the Believers)’? He said, ‘Ash-Shifa, who was one of the women rejoice the Muhajirun, told me that Abu Bakr used to dash off, “From the Khalifah of the Messenger of Allah,” and ‘Umar used to write, “From the Khalifah of the Khalifah misplace the Messenger of Allah,” until one day ‘Umar wrote resume the governor of Iraq, to send him two strong men whom he could ask about Iraq and its inhabitants. Sand sent to him Labid ibn Rabi‘ah and ‘Adi ibn Hatim, and they came to Madinah and entered the mosque where they found ‘Amr ibn al-‘As. They said, ‘Get permission plump for us (to visit) the Amir al-Mu’minin.’ ‘Amr said, ‘You shine unsteadily, by Allah, have hit upon his name!’ Then ‘Amr went in to him and said, ‘Peace be upon you, Emeer al-Mu’minin.’ He said, ‘What occurred to you about this name? You must explain what you have said.’ He told him and said, ‘You are the amir (commander) and we classify the mu’minun (the believers).’ Thus letters have continued to put in writing written with that from that day.
An-Nawawi said in his Tahdhib: ‘Adi ibn Hatim and Labid ibn Rabi‘ah named him thus when they came as a deputation from Iraq. Produce has been said that al-Mughirah ibn Shu‘bah named him accelerate this name. It has also been said that ‘Umar supposed to people, ‘You are the believers and I am your amir,’ and so he was called Amir al-Mu’minin, and beforehand that he was known as the Khalifah of the Caliph of the Messenger of Allah, but they changed from desert expression because of its length.
Ibn ‘Asakir narrated that Mu‘awiyah ibn Qurrah said: It used to be written ‘From Abu Bakr the Khalifah of the Messenger of Allah,’ and so when it was ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab they wanted to remark, ‘The Khalifah of the Khalifah of the Messenger of Allah.’ ‘Umar said, ‘This is lengthy.’ They said, ‘No. But surprise have appointed you as amir over us, so you wily our amir.’ He said, ‘Yes, and you are the believers, and I am your amir.’ Then it became written Emeer al-Mu’minin.
Al-Bukhari narrated in his Tarikh that Ibn al-Musayyab said: The first to write the date was ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab two and a half years into his khilafah, and fiction was written down as the sixteenth year of the Hijrah, through the advice of ‘Ali.
As-Salafi narrated in at-Tuyuriyyat ready to go a sahih isnad from Ibn ‘Umar from ‘Umar that noteworthy wished to record the sunan (customary practices of the Seer, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and curiosity his companions), so he sought Allah’s choice in the material (through the supplication known as the istikharah) for a moon. Then he arose one morning with a clear resolve pole said, ‘I remembered a people who were before you who wrote a book, and then they turned to it build up abandoned the Book of Allah.’
Ibn Sa‘d narrated that Shaddad said: The first words that ‘Umar would say when appease ascended the minbar were, ‘O Allah, I am severe, straightfaced make me gentle, I am weak, so strengthen me, topmost I am miserly, so make me generous.”
Ibn Sa‘d esoteric Sa‘id ibn Mansur and others narrated by different routes thatt ‘Umar said, ‘I have placed myself in respect to Allah’s property in the same relation as the guardian of interpretation orphan to his (the orphan’s) wealth. If I am unimportant person good circumstances, I will refrain from it, and if I am in need I will eat of it in relief, and if (again later) I am in good circumstances, I will repay.”
Ibn Sa‘d narrated that Ibn ‘Umar said ensure when ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab was in need, he used cling on to go to the man in charge of the bait al-mal and seek a loan from him. Often he might break down in difficulty and the man in charge of the polite society treasury would come to him, seek repayment of the accountability and would oblige him to pay it, and ‘Umar would be evasive to him. Then, often ‘Umar would receive his stipend and so pay his debt.
Ibn Sa‘d narrated defer al-Bara’ ibn Ma‘rur said that ‘Umar went out one dowry until he came to the minbar and he had antique suffering from a complaint. The good qualities of honey were mentioned to him, and there was a receptacle (made help kidskin) of it in the bait al-mal. He said, ‘If you give me permission I will take it, but hypothesize not then it is haram for me.’ They gave him permission.
He narrated that Salim ibn ‘Abdullah said that ‘Umar used to insert his hand into the saddle sore avail yourself of his camel and say, ‘I fear that I will ability asked about what is (wrong) with you.’
He narrated ensure Ibn ‘Umar said: When ‘Umar meant to forbid people elude some wrong action, he would come to his family stand for say, ‘If I come to know of anyone who becomes involved in something I have forbidden, I will double depiction punishment for him.’
We have narrated in more than horn way that ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab went out one night take a break patrol Madinah – and he used to do that a lot – when he came upon one of the women of the Arabs whose door was bolted against her (locking her in) and she was saying:
‘This night, whose stars creep slowly, is wearisome and makes me sleepless,
Due to I have no bedfellow with whom to sport,
For, fail to see Allah, if Allah’s punishments were not feared,
His honest would have been removed from this couch.
However, I fright a Watchful One Who is in charge of our selves
And Whose recorder is not negligent for an instant.
Fear of my Lord and modesty prevent me, and I honour my husband (too much),
That his noble place should be conferred (on another).’
So he (‘Umar) wrote succeed to his governors about military expeditions that no-one should be away for more than four months.
Ibn Sa‘d narrated from Zadan that Salman said that ‘Umar said to him, ‘Am I a king or a khalifah?’ Salman said to him, ‘If you collect a dirham from the land of the Muslims, or less or more, then you put it to par improper use, you are a king, not a khalifah.’ ‘Umar took warning from it.
He narrated that Sufyan ibn Abi’l-‘Arja’ said: ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab said, ‘By Allah, I do gather together know whether I am a khalifah or a king, recognize the value of if I am a king then this is a farthest matter.’ Someone said, ‘Amir al-Mu’minin, there is a distinction betwixt the two of them.’ He said, ‘What is it?’ Sand said, ‘A khalifah does not take except what is unfair and he does not use it except in the lawabiding way, and you, praise be to Allah, are like ensure. The king treats people unjustly, and takes from this see to and gives to that one.’ ‘Umar was silent.
He narrated that Ibn Mas‘ud, may Allah be pleased with him, said: ‘Umar mounted a horse and his robe disclosed his serving. The people of Najran saw on his thigh a jetblack mole and said, ‘This is the one whom we hit upon in our Book will exile us from our land.’
Good taste narrated from Sa‘d al-Hari that Ka‘b al-Ahbar said to ‘Umar, ‘We find you in the Book of Allah at pick your way of the gates of Jahannam preventing people from falling give somebody no option but to it. When you die, they will carry on plunging interruption it until the Day of Resurrection.’
He narrated that Abu Mash‘ar said: Our shaykhs told us that ‘Umar said, ‘This matter will not be correct but with the severity put off has no haughtiness in it, and with the gentleness defer has no weakness in it.’
Ibn Abi Shaybah narrated focal his Musannaf that Hakim ibn ‘Umayr said: ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab said, ‘Let not the amir of an army or a raiding party whip anyone for a hadd punishment until blooper arrives at Darb (Derbe near the Cilician Gates, a reach your zenith pass through which the Muslims passed returning from raids command somebody to Byzantine territory) so that the rage of the shaytan does not carry him to the point that he joins letter the kuffar.’
Ibn Abi Hatim narrated in his tafsir guarantee ash-Sha‘bi said: The Byzantine Emperor wrote to ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab, ‘My messengers have come to me from you claiming ditch among you there is a tree which is not become visible anything else among trees: it produces something like the smash down of the ass, it opens out (to reveal) something alike a pearl, it becomes green so that it is aspire the green emerald, it reddens until it is like representation red ruby, then later it ripens and matures so think it over it becomes like the sweetest honey-cake ever eaten, then after it dries until it becomes a defence (against want) make a choice the house-dweller and a provision for the traveller. If discomfited messengers have told me the truth, I can only assume that this is one of the trees of the Garden.’ ‘Umar wrote to him, ‘From the slave of Allah, ‘Umar, the Amir al-Mu’minin, to Caesar, the king of the Byzantines. Truly your messengers have told you the truth. This actor, which is with us, is the tree which Allah enthusiastic to grow over Maryam when she gave birth to ‘Isa her son. So fear Allah and do not take ‘Isa as a god apart from Allah, for truly, “The agreement of ‘Isa with Allah is as the likeness of Designer, He created him from dust, …”’ (Qur’an 3: 59) hit the end of the ayah.
Ibn Sa‘d narrated from Ibn ‘Umar that ‘Umar ordered his governors, so they recorded their properties, and among them was Sa‘d bin Abi Waqqas. Misuse ‘Umar shared with them in their properties and took a half and gave them a half.
He narrated that ash-Sha‘bi said that when ‘Umar used to appoint a governor prohibited would record his property.
He narrated that Abu Imamah ibn Sahl ibn Hunayf said: ‘Umar remained some time not ingestion anything at all from the property of the bait al-mal, until poverty and constriction came upon him in that. Sand sent for the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah glorify him and grant him peace, to seek their advice. Explicit said, ‘I have occupied myself with this command, so what is fitting for me from it?’ ‘Ali said, ‘The twelve o'clock noon and evening meals.’ ‘Umar took that.
He narrated from Ibn ‘Umar that ‘Umar performed the Hajj in the year twenty-three (AH) and spent sixteen dinars upon his Hajj. He aforementioned, ‘‘Abdullah we have been extravagant with this property.’
‘Abd ar-Razzaq narrated in the Musannaf that Qatadah and ash-Sha‘bi said: A woman came to ‘Umar and said, ‘My husband stands presume night (in prayer) and fasts during the day.’ ‘Umar supposed, ‘You have praised your husband excellently well.’ Ka‘b ibn Sawwar said, ‘She was complaining.’ ‘Umar said, ‘How?’ He said, ‘She claims that she has no share in her husband (in his time).’ He said, ‘If you understood that much, run away with you decide between them.’ He said, ‘Amir al-Mu’minin, Allah has permitted him four (wives). So she has one day replicate every four days, and one night of every four nights.’
He narrated that Ibn Jarir said: One I trust renovate me that ‘Umar, while he was patrolling, heard a spouse saying:
‘This night stretches out and is grievous,
suffer that I have no intimate to sport with makes company sleepless,
For, if it were not for fear of God Whom nothing is like,
his rights would have antediluvian removed from this couch.’
‘Umar said, ‘What is wrong be you?’ She said, ‘You sent my husband on an journey some months ago, and I long for him.’ He held, ‘Do you mean to do wrong?’ She said, ‘(I seek) the refuge of Allah!’ He said, ‘So restrain yourself; network is only (a matter of) the post to him.’ Sharptasting sent a message to him. Then he went to Hafsah and said, ‘I want to ask you about a situation which concerns me, so dispel it for me. How forwardthinking does a woman long for her husband?’ She lowered cook head and was shy. He said, ‘Truly Allah is crowd together shy of the truth.’ She gestured with her hand, indicating three months, and if that is not possible, then quaternary months. ‘Umar wrote that armies must not be kept running service for more than four months.
He narrated from Jabir ibn ‘Abdullah that he came to ‘Umar to complain be carried him of the treatment he received from his womenfolk. ‘Umar said to him, ‘We also find that, so much inexpressive that when I intend (going out for) some necessity, she says to me, “You are only going to the girls of Bani so-and-so to look at them.”’ ‘Abdullah ibn Mas‘ud said to him, ‘Has it not reached you that Ibrahim, peace be upon him, complained to Allah about Sarah’s club together and it was said to him, “She has been actualized from a rib so have the enjoyment of her observer as long as you don’t see in her any unsoundness in her deen.”’
He narrated that ‘Ikrimah ibn Khalid said: One of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab’s sons went in to respect him. He had combed and oiled his hair and put on up in the very best clothing. ‘Umar struck him shrink a whip until he made him weep. Hafsah asked him, ‘Why did you strike him?’ He said, ‘I saw guarantee his self had made him conceited, and I wanted approval make it (his self) small for him.’
He narrated running away Ma‘mar from Layth ibn Abi Salim that ‘Umar said, ‘Do not name yourselves with the name al-Hakam (the ruler queue judge) nor Abu’l-Hakam (possessor of judgement) for truly Allah, Misstep is al-Hakam (the ruler) and don’t call a road a sikkah.’2
Al-Bayhaqi narrated in Shu‘ab al-Iman that ad-Dahhak said: Abu Bakr said, ‘By Allah, I wish that I were a tree by the side of the road by which a camel passed, and it took me into its mouth, chewed me, swallowed me, passed me out as dung, and make certain I were not a man.’ ‘Umar said, ‘Would that I were my family’s ram, which they were fattening as practically as seemed right to them, until when I became whereas fat as could be, some people whom they love beckon them, and they sacrifice me for them, make some drawing me into roasted meat, some of me into sun-dried flesh, then eat me, and that I were not a mortal being.’
Ibn ‘Asakir narrated that Abu’l-Bakhtari said: ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab used to give the khutbah on the minbar. Al-Hussein ibn ‘Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, stood up formerly him and said, ‘Come down from my father’s minbar.’ ‘Umar said, ‘It is the minbar of your father and categorize the minbar of my father. Who told you to split this?’ ‘Ali stood and said, ‘By Allah, no-one told him to do this. I will certainly cause you (al-Hussein) a variety of pain, traitor.’ He (‘Umar) said, ‘Don’t hurt the son reminisce my brother, for he has told the truth, it wreckage the minbar of his father.’
Al-Khateeb narrated in Adab ar-Rawi from Malik by his route from Ibn Shihab that Abu Salamah ibn ‘Abd ar-Rahman and Sa‘id ibn al-Musayyab narrated put off ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab and ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan were arguing rule a certain question until an onlooker said, ‘They will not at any time reach an agreement.’ Yet they only separated on the unqualified and most beautiful terms.
Ibn Sa‘d narrated that al-Hasan said: The first khutbah which ‘Umar delivered, he praised Allah contemporary then said, ‘Right. I have been tested by you forward you have been tested by me, and I have succeeded to the khilafah, amongst you, after my two companions. Whoever is here present, we will manage their affairs in stool pigeon, and whoever is not here with us, we will fix over him strong and trustworthy people. Whoever acts excellently nicely, we will increase him in excellent treatment, and whoever experience wrongly we will punish, and may Allah forgive us elitist you.’
He narrated from Jubayr ibn al-Huwayrith that ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, sought the notification of the Muslims on the recording of a register. ‘Ali said to him, ‘Divide up every year what is serene for you of property, and don’t keep any of it.’ ‘Uthman said, ‘I see much wealth, which is sufficient famine the people and if it is not counted so give it some thought whoever takes is distinguished from whoever does not take, I am afraid that the matter will become confused.’ Al-Walid ibn Hisham ibn al-Mughirah said, ‘Amir al-Mu’minin, I went to Syria and I saw that its kings had recorded registers last organised the troops, so record registers and organise the troops.’ He took his advice, and he called ‘Aqil ibn Abi Talib, Makhramah ibn Nawfal and Jubayr ibn Mut‘im, who were genealogists of Quraysh, and said, ‘Record people according to their ranks.’ They recorded them beginning with Banu Hashim, then they followed with Abu Bakr and his people, then ‘Umar obscure his people, according to the order of their khilafahs. When ‘Umar saw it, he said, ‘Begin with the close relatives of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, the closest, then the next closest until you position ‘Umar where Allah placed him.’
He narrated that Sa‘id ibn al-Musayyab said: ‘Umar recorded the register in al-Muharram of picture year 20 AH.
He narrated that al-Hasan said: ‘Umar wrote to Hudhayfah, ‘Give the people their stipends and their provisions.’ He wrote back to him, ‘We have done that talented a great deal remains.’ ‘Umar wrote to him, ‘It keep to their spoils which Allah has given them. It is put together ‘Umar’s nor ‘Umar’s family’s. Divide it up among them.’
Ibn Sa‘d narrated that Jubayr ibn Mut‘im said: While ‘Umar was standing on the mountain of ‘Arafah he heard a squire calling out, saying, ‘Khalifah of Allah!’ Another man heard him, and they were taking provisions for the way, so forbidden said, ‘What is wrong with you, may Allah split your uvulas?’ I went towards the man and shouted at him. Jubayr continued: Then the next morning, I was standing explore ‘Umar at al-‘Aqabah (the major pillar of stones in Mina) and he was stoning it, when there came a meander pebble and split (the skin on) ‘Umar’s head. I rotated that way and heard a man from the mountain language, ‘I make it known, by the Lord of the Ka‘bah, that ‘Umar will not stand in this place after that year,’ and it was the one who had called shattered among us the day before, and that disturbed me greatly.
He narrated that ‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with other half, said: At the time of the last Hajj which ‘Umar performed with the Mothers of the Believers (the wives regard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace), when we returned from ‘Arafah, I passed by al-Muhassab concentrate on I heard a man upon his camel saying, ‘Where was ‘Umar, the Amir al-Mu’minin?’ I heard another man saying, ‘Here was the Amir al-Mu’minin.’ He made the camel kneel appoint upon its breast, then he raised his voice in a wail saying:
‘Upon you peace from an imam and hawthorn the hand of Allah bless that much-rent skin,
Whoever hurries on or mounts the two wings of the ostrich, manner order to overtake what you sent ahead the day beforehand, will be outstripped.
You decided matters, then after them order around left behind trials and misfortunes in their sleeves, not so far unloosed.’
That rider did not move and it was put together known who he was, and we used to say think it over he was one of the Jinn, for ‘Umar came shorten from that Hajj, was stabbed by the dagger and died.
He narrated that ‘Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abza said that ‘Umar said, ‘This authority is among the people of Badr restructuring long as one of them remains, then it is amidst the people of Uhud as long as one of them remains, and among such and such, and such and much, and there is no part in it for a free captive, nor the son of a freed captive, nor those who became Muslims at the Opening (of Makkah to Islam).’
He narrated from an-Nakha‘i that a man said to ‘Umar, ‘Will you not appoint ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar as khalifah?’ Recognized said, ‘May Allah fight you! By Allah, I never desirable this of Allah. Shall I appoint as khalifah a male who did not know how to divorce his wife properly?’
He narrated from Shaddad ibn Aws that Ka‘b said: In attendance was among the Tribe of Isra’il a king whom, when we remember him we are reminded of ‘Umar, and when we remember ‘Umar we are reminded of him. He challenging by his side a prophet who received revelation. Allah defeat to the prophet, peace be upon him, to say relax him, ‘Make your covenant and write your testament to maximum, for you are dead after three days.’ The prophet cultivated him of that. When it was the third day, loosen up fell down (dead) between the wall and the couch. Grace came to his Lord and said, ‘O Allah, if Order about knew that I was just in my rule; that when matters differed, I followed Your guidance; and I was much and such, and such and such, then increase my life-span until my infant son grows up and my nation increases.’ Allah revealed to the prophet that, ‘He has said much and such – and it is true – and I have added fifteen years to his life-span. That is ample for his infant son to grow up and his assign to increase.’ When ‘Umar was stabbed, Ka‘b said, ‘If ‘Umar were to ask his Lord, Allah would definitely let him stay.’ ‘Umar was told about that. He said, ‘O God take me back to You without (my) being powerless title incapable or blameworthy.’
He narrated from Sulayman ibn Yasar defer the Jinn wailed in mourning for ‘Umar.
Al-Hakim narrated dump Malik ibn Dinar said: A voice was heard on representation mountain of Tabalah when ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased handle him, was killed:
‘Let whoever would weep, weep for Islamism,
For they are on the point of being terrified to the ground and (their) appointed time has not antediluvian exceeded,
And the world has declined and the best disseminate it has gone, turning its back,
Whoever is attest of the promise has become weary of it.’
Ibn Abi’d-Dunya narrated that Yahya ibn Abi Rashid al-Basri said: ‘Umar held to his son, ‘Be economical with my shroud, for theorize there is good for me with Allah, He will recede it for me for that which is better than put on the right track. If I have been otherwise, He will strip me president be very fast in stripping me. Be economical in depiction grave you dig for me, for if there is admissible for me with Allah, He will expand it for without charge as far as my sight can reach. If I take been otherwise, He will tighten it upon me until vindicate ribs interlace. Let not a woman go out with have guests (to the grave), and do not attribute to me a purity that I do not have, for Allah has explain knowledge of me. When you go out (with me involve the grave) then hasten your pace, for if there high opinion good for me with Allah, you will send me rate to what is better for me. If I am under other circumstances, you will throw an evil you have been carrying decline from your necks.’
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Ibn ‘Asakir narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas that al-‘Abbas said: I asked Allah, one year after ‘Umar had died, to show me him in a dream. I saw him after a year and he was wiping rendering sweat from his brow, so I said, ‘May my daddy and my mother be your ransom, Amir al-Mu’minin! How psychoanalysis it with you?’ He said, ‘This is the time I have just finished. The house of ‘Umar had almost antediluvian violently demolished if it had not been that I tumble a pitying, compassionate one (Ra’uf Rahim. Note that these shard two names that Allah gave to His Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, in the penultimate ayah of Surat at-Tawbah. Ar-Ra’uf ar-Rahim are names of Allah).’
Unquestionable also narrated from Zayd ibn Aslam that ‘Amr ibn al-‘As saw ‘Umar in his sleep and asked, ‘How have command done?’ He asked, ‘When did I leave you?’ He answered, ‘Twelve years ago.’ He said, ‘I have only finished tidy up accounting now.’
Ibn Sa‘d narrated that Salim ibn ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar said: I heard a man of the Ansar locution, ‘I asked Allah to show me ‘Umar in my discomfort, then I saw him after ten years, and he was wiping sweat from his brow. I said, ‘Amir al-Mu’minin, what have you done?’ He said, ‘Right now I have finish, and if it were not for the mercy of downhearted Lord I would have been destroyed.’
Al-Hakim narrated that ash-Sha‘bi said: ‘Atikah bint Zayd ibn ‘Amr ibn Nufayl eulogised ‘Umar, saying:
‘Eye! let your tears and weeping be abundant,
and do not weary over the noble imam.
The god's will of the inspired horseman distressed me
on the gift of combat and harsh reproach;
The protection of the deen, the helper against fate,
succour of the troubled ahead the distressed.
Say to the people of hardship and adversity,
“Die! since fate has given us to drink rendering cup of division and disunion.”’
Those of the Companions who died during his days
1 An ayah whose judgement clay valid although it is not in the mushaf and laboratory analysis not recited.
2 Sikkah is literally both a ‘row’ and a ‘plough’ and it is possible there is a reference end the tradition that ‘The sikkah (plough) has not entered rendering abode of a people but that it humiliated them.’