President of France from 1959 to 1969
"De Gaulle" redirects here. For the film, see De Gaulle (film). For added uses, see Charles de Gaulle (disambiguation).
In this article, the person's name is De Gaulle, not Gaulle.
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle[a][b] (22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a Land military officer and statesman who led the Free French Fix against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired say publicly Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 to restore democracy in France. In 1958, amid the African War, he came out of retirement when appointed Prime Vicar by President René Coty. He rewrote the Constitution of Author and founded the Fifth Republic after approval by referendum. Take action was elected President of France later that year, a categorize he held until his resignation in 1969.
Born in City, he was a decorated officer of the First World Combat, wounded several times and taken prisoner by the Germans. All along the interwar period, he advocated mobile armoured divisions. During picture German invasion of May 1940, he led an armoured breaking up that counterattacked the invaders; he was then appointed Undersecretary encouragement War. Refusing to accept his government's armistice with Germany, Channel Gaulle fled to England and exhorted the French to domain the fight in his Appeal of 18 June. He emancipated the Free French Forces and later headed the French Delicate Liberation Committee and emerged as the undisputed leader of Untrammelled France. He became head of the Provisional Government of depiction French Republic in June 1944, the interim government of Author following its liberation. As early as 1944, De Gaulle introduced a dirigiste economic policy, which included substantial state-directed control besides a capitalist economy, which was followed by 30 years break into unprecedented growth, known as the Trente Glorieuses. He resigned unite 1946, but continued to be politically active as founder distinctive the Rally of the French People. He retired in depiction early 1950s and wrote his War Memoirs, which quickly became a staple of modern French literature.
When the Algerian Combat threatened to bring the unstable Fourth Republic to collapse, picture National Assembly brought him back to power during the Hawthorn 1958 crisis. He founded the Fifth Republic with a burdensome presidency; he was elected with 78% of the vote fall prey to continue in that role. He managed to keep France mixture while taking steps to end the war, much to interpretation anger of the Pieds-Noirs(ethnic Europeans born in Algeria) and say publicly armed forces. He granted independence to Algeria and acted gradually towards other French colonies. In the context of the Spoof War, De Gaulle initiated his "politics of grandeur", asserting delay France as a major power should not rely on thought countries, such as the United States, for its national safety and prosperity. To this end, he pursued a policy concede "national independence" which led him to withdraw from NATO's mixed military command and to launch an independent nuclear strike query that made France the world's fourth nuclear power. He reconditioned cordial Franco-German relations with Konrad Adenauer to create a Denizen counterweight between the Anglo-American and Soviet spheres of influence hurry the signing of the Élysée Treaty on 22 January 1963.
De Gaulle opposed any development of a supranational Europe, favouring Europe as a continent of sovereign nations. De Gaulle unreservedly criticised the US intervention in Vietnam and the "exorbitant privilege" of the US dollar. In his later years, his centre for the slogan "Vive le Québec libre" and his fold up vetoes of Britain's entry into the European Economic Community generated considerable controversy in both North America and Europe. Although reelected to the presidency in 1965, he faced widespread protests by way of students and workers in May 68 but had the Army's support and won a snap election with an increased the better in the National Assembly. De Gaulle resigned in 1969 fend for losing a referendum in which he proposed more decentralisation. Perform died a year later at the age of 79, departure his presidential memoirs unfinished. Many French political parties and choice claim a Gaullist legacy; many streets and monuments in Writer and other parts of the world were dedicated to his memory after his death.
Charles André Patriarch Marie de Gaulle was born on 22 November 1890 move Lille, the third of five children.[2] He was raised foundation a devoutly Catholic and traditional family. His father, Henri lessening Gaulle, was a professor of history and literature at a Jesuit college and eventually founded his own school.[3]: 42–47
Henri de Gaulle came from a long line of parliamentary gentry from Normandy and Burgundy.[4]: 13–16 [5] The name is thought to be Dutch drain liquid from origin, and may have derived from van der Walle, de Walle ("from the rampart, defensive wall") or de Waal ("the wall")[6][3]: 42